2016
DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2016-2002-02
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Fast and Simple Forensic Red Pen Ink Analysis Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Uplc)

Abstract: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is more effective than high performance liquid chromatography in terms of analysis speed and sensitivity. This paper presents a feasibility study on forensic red pen inks analysis using UPLC. A total of 12 varieties of red ballpoint pen inks were purchased from selected stationary shop. For each variety, four different individual pens were sampled to provide intra-variability within a particular variety of pen. The proposed approach is very simple that it only inv… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Nevertheless, due to the diversity and the different characteristics of the involved cells in a HetNet, new challenges arise that include the areas of user-to-cell association, interference management and utilization of resources [5]. In [6] a survey of challenges is presented, including some suggestions and potentials for the different topics that need modifications and enhancements.…”
Section: Advanced (Lte-a)mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Nevertheless, due to the diversity and the different characteristics of the involved cells in a HetNet, new challenges arise that include the areas of user-to-cell association, interference management and utilization of resources [5]. In [6] a survey of challenges is presented, including some suggestions and potentials for the different topics that need modifications and enhancements.…”
Section: Advanced (Lte-a)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In (5) T is the temperature parameter, ε(x) is the energy of the configuration x and Z T is the normalization constant also known as the partition function. More details about the MRF and the Gibbs distributions can be found in [58][59] and [61].…”
Section: Markov Random Fields and Gibbs Distributionsmentioning
confidence: 99%