Fast and highly accurate phase unwrapping algorithm for displacement retrieval using self-mixing interferometry sensor

Orakzai, Muhammad Sadiq; Amin, Saqib; Khan, Zaffar M.; Akram, Faraz

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112553

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, a Li-Fibased health monitoring has been designed which validates the basic working of Li-Fi for data transmission and also proves its advantage over other techniques such as Wi-Fi etc., in terms of cost and speed. The temperature sensing can also be done via SMI [18,19]. The limitation of work is the use of Li-Fi in an outdoor environment like under sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Li-Fi Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Khan

Ali

Behram

et al. 2022

PakJET

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In hospitals the monitoring of patient is usually done manually with the help of nursing staff for 24 x 7. The availability of nursing staff to monitor the health of critically ill patients or new born infant is very difficult task and requires a lot of man power. In case, of absence or delay the health of patient can become critical and can be fatal. In order to solve this many wireless technologies have been proposed to monitor the patient’s condition using different sensors but these wireless schemes are harmful for patients/infants and can even interface with medical devices. In order to develop hospital friendly monitoring system, Li-Fi based health monitoring-based system has been proposed which measure the heart rate, temperature and motion in case of infants and the data is continuously displayed on LCD. In case of any abnormalities, the relevant staff will be notified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The baud rate of the transceiver can be set from 1200-115200bps and its working voltage is 5V. The range and the data rate speed can be increased by using the laser light instead of LEDs [18][19][20]. The PWM modulation technique is used.…”

Section: B Li-fi Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Fi Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Khan

Ali

Behram

et al. 2022

PakJET

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“…Finally, to incorporate the above discussion about the coupling efficiency in the external cavity model, the definition of the external mirror 𝑅 3 is modified to be 𝑅 3 𝜂. The equation presented in the Lang-Kobayashi model 6 discusses that the three-mirror configurations can be mathematically transformed into an equivalent two-mirror system, as shown in Figure 1 (b), where the second mirror 𝑅 2 is replaced by an effective reflectivity mirror 𝑅 2𝑒𝑓𝑓 = |𝑟 2𝑒𝑓𝑓 | 2 , where 𝑟 2𝑒𝑓𝑓 equation is now modified to include multi spatial beam profile as follows:…”

Section: Modified Effective Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tunability of the output 1 of a semiconductor laser is an essential requirement for different applications such as widerange tuning for sensing purposes 2,3 and wavelength division multiplexing 4 . The external cavity semiconductor laser consists of two cavities, first the semiconductor laser cavity is composed of a gain chip with uncoated facets representing the two Fabry Perot mirrors, while a mirror is placed in front of one of the chip facets composing the passive external cavity 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective reflectivity for flat and spherical external cavity semiconductor laser with multi spatial mode beam profile

Khairy,

Sabry,

Khalil

2024

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXVIII

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External cavity semiconductor laser was extensively studied in academia and industry due to their ability to tune the laser output characteristics which is suitable for different applications. Previously reported models used effective reflectivity term to incorporate the external cavity interactions with the output beam profile as a plane wave. Despite the practical observations detecting the multi-beam spatial nature of the output profile for numerous laser structures. In this work, the effective reflectivity equation is investigated while considering the multi spatial beam profile. The emitted beam profile follows a flat top Gaussian distribution. The flat top Gaussian is segmented as the weighted sum of higher order Hermite Gaussian modes. The total coupling efficiency is investigated upon reflection from a flat and (50, 100, 200 μm) spherical mirror configurations with the aid of Huygens Fresnel integration and ABCD matrix. The simulation results indicate that the spherical mirror configurations achieve maximum coupling when placed at near and far positions from the emitted beam, while the flat mirror requires a near position to accomplish maximum coupling. For the flat mirror configuration, the effective coupling efficiency 3 dB coupling decreases by 76% when comparing a beam profile consisting of one beam to eight beam profile. A 100 μm spherical mirror results in similar behavior which is attributed to the diffraction phenomena. The effective reflectivity is calculated for both plane wave and multi spatial beams beam profiles where the effective reflectivity envelope was modulated by the coupling efficiency of multi spatial beams beam profiles.

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“…Zhang et al [6] proposed an FPGA and DSP based system for electricity load management. Field Programable Gate arrays [7][8][9][10] and signal processing techniques [11][12][13][14] have also been utilized in different parallel programming systems [15,16] for sensing [17,18] and healthcare applications [19,20]. In [21] their study, presented a system that utilizes IoT technology, specifically the implementation of a Wi-Fi module ESP01, to establish a connection between users and the utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT Based Load Management Control and Theft Protection from DISCO’s Side

Nawaz,

Zohaib,

Zahra

et al. 2023

IJEET

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Electricity serves as the primary power source that fuels our modern world. Without it, the functionality of everyday devices and appliances would cease. However, the relentless growth of populations, economies, and industries has led to an alarming disparity between energy demand and supply. Furthermore, power companies face a significant challenge in the form of electricity theft, resulting in substantial losses from the grid each year. To prevent electricity infrastructure from collapsing, utilities resort to load shedding, cutting off power to specific areas during shortages. To address this issue, the proposed study aims to develop a load management system that allows users to operate essential loads during shortfall hours, mitigating the impact of power cuts. Additionally, this study addressed electricity theft by introducing a theft control system by employing an automatic control unit that injects frequency-distorted voltage into low- voltage lines. As a result, the illegal consumers' loads will be malfunctioned upon detecting thefts and notifies utilities of theft occurrences, enabling them to penalize offenders. ensuring the utility's ability to act while the legal consumers will have the retention of power supply with normal frequency as due to the action of step-up cyclo-converter installed in smart metering infrastructure. The study implements a simplified design for a single-phase distribution system using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This IoT-based solution sends consumer data to a web page accessible via an IP address, facilitating efficient monitoring and management of the system. Overall, the proposed study offers a load management solution and theft protection system to address the challenges posed by increasing energy demand and electricity theft.

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Fast and highly accurate phase unwrapping algorithm for displacement retrieval using self-mixing interferometry sensor

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Li-Fi Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Li-Fi Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Effective reflectivity for flat and spherical external cavity semiconductor laser with multi spatial mode beam profile

IoT Based Load Management Control and Theft Protection from DISCO’s Side

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