Fast and Efficient Nitration of Salicylic Acid and Some Other Aromatic Compounds over H₃PO₄/TiO₂‐ZrO₂ Using Nitric Acid

Abstract

TiO 2 -ZrO 2 (1/1)-surf with Ti and Zr molar ratio of 1/1 was prepared with surfactant through a sol-gel method. The optimum experimental condition was investigated for nitration of salicylic acid. Then, a number of nitration reactions were carried out with a variety of aromatic compounds in the optimum condition. The 25 wt% H 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 -ZrO 2 (1/1)-surf catalyst showed good selectivity and yield in a short time for the nitration of salicylic acid and some other aromatic compounds.

Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/TiO2-ZrO2Composite

“…47 No changes in the diffraction patterns is observed of PVP/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 ( Figure 1(b)), thus reinforcing the assumption that PVP hybridization occurs on the solid surface without changing the structural form of the TiO 2 -ZrO 2 . Also, Ni-PVP/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 shows an amorphous pattern at 2θ values of o which doesn't show any peak for nickel.…”

“…47 From the two branches of adsorption-desorption isotherms, the presence of a sharp adsorption step in the P/P 0 region from 0.4-0.8 and a hysteresis loop at the relative pressure p/p 0 > 0.7 shows that the materials posses a well defined array of mesopores. The structure data of all these materials (BET surface area, total pore volume, and pore size) are summarized in , respectively) ( Table 1).…”

Solubility and Preferential Solvation of 3-Nitrobenzonitrile in Binary Solvent Mixtures of Ethyl Acetate Plus (Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, and Isopropyl Alcohol)

“…619-24-9, chemical structure shown in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information) is used commercially as an intermediate in choleretic and antispasmodic drugs . It is a byproduct in the production of 4-nitrobenzonitrile by nitration of benzonitrile using HNO 3 or another nitrating agent in the presence of a catalyst. − The isomeric byproduct restricts further uses of 4-nitrobenzonitrile in many fields. With the improvement of dyestuff and the pharmaceutical industry, the demand for purity of 4-nitrobenzonitrile is increasing.…”

Solubility Determination and Modeling for 4-Nitrobenzonitrile in Binary Solvent Mixtures of Ethyl Acetate Plus (Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, and Isopropanol)

“…4-Nitrobenzonitrile (CAS No. 619-72-7, structure presented in Figure ) is an important aromatic nitrile which is generally widely used for the pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, and pesticides production. − At present, it is commonly produced by benzonitrile nitration with HNO 3 or other nitrating agent. − Nevertheless, during the nitration process of benzonitrile, the 3-nitrobenzonitrile isomer is also generated simultaneously as a byproduct. So further use of 4-nitrobenzonitrile is limited in some fields because of the isomeric byproduct.…”