Solubility Determination and Modeling for 4-Nitrobenzonitrile in Binary Solvent Mixtures of Ethyl Acetate Plus (Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, and Isopropanol)

Abstract

The solubility of 4-nitrobenzonitrile in mixed solvents of (ethanol + ethyl acetate), (methanol + ethyl acetate), (isopropanol + ethyl acetate), and (npropanol + ethyl acetate) over temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 318.15 K was obtained experimentally. From analysis results in the present study, we found that the equilibrium 4-nitrobenzonitrile solubility in the ethyl acetate (1) + (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol) (2) mixed solvents increased with the temperature and the ethyl acetate composition increasing. The largest 4nitrobenzonitrile solubility was in neat ethyl acetate at T = 318.15 K (1.346 × 10 −3 in methanol, 1.082 × 10 −2 in n-propanol, 1.159 × 10 −2 in ethanol, 0.8765 × 10 −3 in isopropanol, and 14.22 × 10 −2 in ethyl acetate). The lowest 4nitrobenzonitrile solubility was observed in neat isopropanol (0.1624 × 10 −2 at T = 278.15 K). The solubility dependence on both ethyl acetate composition and temperature was mathematically described by the Apelblat−Jouyban−Acree, van't Hoff−Jouyban−Acree, and Jouyban−Acree models. The acquired values of relative average deviation and root-mean-square deviation were not, respectively, greater than 2.13% and 11.72 × 10 −4 .