Fasciola Species Introgression: Just a Fluke or Something More?

Calvani, Nichola Eliza Davies; Šlapeta, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.008

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In contrast to F. hepatica, the shoulders are not as conspicuous, and the body is more transparent [ 10 ] (p. 78). However, in recent publications hybrids between both of these Fasciola species have been described as a local phenomenon which most likely happens by interspecies mating in regions where the distribution areas of the species overlap [ 12 ].…”

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Kahl

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Krücken

et al. 2021

Animals

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Grazing sheep and goats are constantly exposed to helminth infections in many parts of the world, including several trematode species that causes a range of clinical diseases. The clinical picture of flukes is dependent upon the organs in which they develop and the tissues they damage within the respective organs. Accordingly, infections with the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which, as juvenile worm migrates through the liver parenchyma for several weeks, may be associated with hepatic disorders such as impairment of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, followed by chronic wasting. In contrast, the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which does not exhibit tissue migration and thus does not lead to major tissue damage and bleeding, also does not lead to significant clinical symptoms. Rumen flukes such as Cotylophoron daubneyi cause catarrhal inflammation during their migration through the intestinal and abomasal epithelium during its juvenile stages. Depending on the infection intensity this may result in a range of clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence or emaciation. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on flukes particularly concerning the clinical relevance of the most important fluke species in sheep.

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Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Kahl

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Krücken

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…gigantica ). 64 , 65 The Kato Katz test is a quantitative microscopy test recommended by WHO in areas with a high prevalence and intensity of infection. 66 The Kato Katz test alone may miss a third of the infections and combining it with methods that concentrate eggs provides a better sensitivity.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Human Fascioliasis: Current Epidemiological Status and Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control</p>

Caravedo¹,

Cabada²

2020

RRTM

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Purpose of the Review: This review aims to critically assess current knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Fasciola infection in humans. Recent Findings: Fascioliasis is an emerging neglected zoonotic infection affecting the health and wellbeing of human populations. The burden of infection is unclear, and studies have shown the geographic expansion of fascioliasis in human and livestock likely related to climate change. The infection can be asymptomatic or present in acute or chronic forms. Regardless of the presentation, fascioliasis can be associated with long-term complications such as anemia and malnutrition. Early in the infection, antibody testing is the only tool available for diagnosis confirmation. In the chronic forms serology and stool microscopy are helpful. Other tests such as antigen detection and PCR-based methods including isothermal tests have shown promising results. Triclabendazole is the only drug available to treat Fasciola infection. However, reports of resistant infections in livestock and human threaten the clinical care and control of the infection in endemic areas. Summary: Fascioliasis is an emerging infection around the world with an uncertain burden. Lack of standardization of diagnostic testing and treatment alternatives hinder treatment and control of the infection.

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“…As such, these molecules contribute to invasion, modulation of the host’s immune and hemostatic systems, angiogenesis, and acquisition of nutrients [ 42 , 274–277 ]. These enzymes were also characterized as plasminogen-binding proteins, and thus were linked to plasmin generation activity [ 277 ]. As plasmin degrades fibrin, this could be the mechanism by which the adult parasites prevent clot formation during blood feeding ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity Of Fasciola Spp Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukesFasciola hepaticaandFasciolaGiganticathat cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

et al. 2021

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Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola -specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.

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Fasciola Species Introgression: Just a Fluke or Something More?

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

<p>Human Fascioliasis: Current Epidemiological Status and Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control</p>

Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukesFasciola hepaticaandFasciolaGiganticathat cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

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