Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance

Beesley, Nicola J.; Williams, Diana; Paterson, Steve; Hodgkinson, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.007

Cited by 84 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…3). The clonal lineage of the haplotypes in most of the F. gigantica populations is similar to the situation that has been described in F. hepatica (Beesley et al, 2017;Vilas et al, 2012) (Rana et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Our results confirm a high level of genetic diversity in F. gigantica (Table 2), implying the capacity for reproduction in the definitive host through meiosis during cross-breeding. A similar situation has been described in F. hepatica infection (Beesley et al, 2017;Vilas et al, 2012;Zintl et al, 2015). However, a low level of infection (Dar et al, 2011;Rondelaud et al, 2011) and clonal lineage in snails could give rise to a potential low population bottlenecking effect, raising questions about how genetic diversity might be maintained in F. gigantica.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock

Rehman

Zahid

Rashid

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Fasciola gigantica liver flukes are responsible for over 3 billion US dollars of production loss annually in farmed livestock and cause widespread zoonotic disease. Nevertheless, the understating of the emergence and spread of the trematode species is poor. The multiplicity of F. gigantica infection and its spread is potentially influenced by multiple factors, including the abundance of suitable intermediate hosts, climatic conditions favoring the completion of the parasite's lifecycle, and translocation of infected animals or free-living parasite stages between regions. Here we describe the development of a 'tremabiome' metabarcoding sequencing method to explore the numbers of F. gigantica genotypes per infection and patterns of parasite spread, based on genetic characteristics of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (mt-ND-1) locus. We collected F. gigantica from three abattoirs in the Punjab and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan, and our results show a high level of genetic diversity in 20 F. gigantica populations derived from small and large ruminants consigned to slaughter in both provinces. This implies that F. gigantica can reproduce in its definitive hosts through meiosis involving cross-and self-breeding, as described in the closely related species, Fasciola hepatica. The genetic diversity between the 20 populations derived from different locations also illustrates the impact of animal movements on gene flow. Our results demonstrate the predominance of single haplotypes, consistent with a single introduction of F. gigantica infection in 85% of the hosts from which the parasite populations were derived. This is consistent with clonal reproduction in the intermediate snail hosts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock

Rehman

Zahid

Rashid

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We have shown that parasites with the same genotype tend to occur in the same animal giving evidence of clumped transmission and that clonal expansion occurs hence multiple genetically identical cercariae are likely to be released in a relatively small area (Beesley, Williams, Paterson, & Hodgkinson, ). However, there is little information on how far snails roam, or the distance cercariae travel once they exit the snail before encysting.…”

Section: Snail Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Beesley

Caminade

Charlier

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

157

111

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Summary Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite with a global distribution, which is responsible for considerable disease and production losses in a range of food producing species. It is also identified by WHO as a re‐emerging neglected tropical disease associated with endemic and epidemic outbreaks of disease in human populations. In Europe, F. hepatica is mostly associated with disease in sheep, cattle and goats. This study reviews the most recent advances in our understanding of the transmission, diagnosis, epidemiology and the economic impact of fasciolosis. We also focus on the impact of the spread of resistance to anthelmintics used to control F. hepatica and consider how vaccines might be developed and applied in the context of the immune‐modulation driven by the parasite. Several major research gaps are identified which, when addressed, will contribute to providing focussed and where possible, bespoke, advice for farmers on how to integrate stock management and diagnosis with vaccination and/or targeted treatment to more effectively control the parasite in the face of increasing the prevalence of infection and spread of anthelmintic resistance that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change.

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“…One of the main problems in anthelmintic resistance of this parasite is due to aspects of biology and population structure and pathogenicity, and the control of fascioliasis depends on genetic diversity (10,11). Both of these species may be identified by applying DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS), and sequences of CO1 and ND1 as mitochondrial genes to analyze intraspecific phylogenetic relationship of Fasciola spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Fasciola spp. in the East of Iran, Based on the Spermatogenesis and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (ITS1) and Mitochondrial (ND1) Genes

Rouhani

Raeghi

Harandi

et al. 2017

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Fascioliasis is a neglected zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola species is critical because of their different epidemiology. Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying Fasciola spp. based on spermatogenesis and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (ND1) gene. Methods: One hundred and fifty adults with fascioliasis were selected from the Eastern provinces of Iran, based on spermatogenetic ability, measurement criteria, and ITS (nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers) 1 gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern. Then, their genetic diversity indices and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using mitochondrial DNA marker of Fasciola population spread in the East of Iran. Results: Aspermic F. gigantica was observed in the eastern part of Iran. Partial sequences of mtDNA showed new haplotypes in both species. Pairwise fixation index between different F. gigantica populations calculated from the nucleotide data set of ND1 gene were statistically significant and showed the genetic differences in pairwise population. Conclusions:The results of the study showed that F. hepatica, lives in this region of Iran, had different genetic structures compared with the other Fasciola populations in the world. Fasciola gigantica present in the East of Iran had different genetic structures, compared with the other Fasciola population, based on genetic index.

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Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 84 publications

References 78 publications

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Identification of Fasciola spp. in the East of Iran, Based on the Spermatogenesis and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (ITS1) and Mitochondrial (ND1) Genes

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