Farmers, Markets and Contracts: Chain Integration of Smallholder Producers in Costa Rica

Ruben, Ruerd; Sáenz-Ségura, Fernando

doi:10.18352/erlacs.9619

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Individual-level survey studies of migrants to the United States from Jalisco and Yucatán found that as migrants ascend the socioeconomic ladder they tend to lose interest in home-country politics. However, higher incomes may predispose immigrants to be interested in the politics of both the United States and Mexico (Ruiz Alonso, et al 2007;Serrano, et al 2009). Leighley and Nagler (2016), using the 2012 ANES and LINES data, found that factors which typically predict white participation in the United States failed to do so for Latino immigrants, thereby suggesting potential limits to the resource model.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mexicans in the United States who invest their funds in this way may feel a greater stake in the home country and, as stakeholders, see a need to follow the course of politics there more closely (Smith and Bakker, 2008). Moreover, many may still aspire to resettle in their country of origin, even after many years of living in the United States (Jones-Correa, 1998Serrano et al, 2009). These various forces -social, economic, and psychological -could all draw Mexicans into campaigns and electoral processes south of the border, if not as an actual participant then at least as an interested and informed observer.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many nevertheless find ways to engage in non-electoral and unconventional politics. For example, in a 2007 survey study of U.S.-based migrants from Jalisco, 46 percent reported that they had participated in the marches in support of migrants that took place across the United States on May 1, 2006(Serrano et al, 2009; see also Leal, 2002;Martinez, 2005;Levin, 2013). Restricting an analysis of binational civic engagement to only those Mexicans who have become naturalized American citizens could result in misleading inferences.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transnational Political Engagement and the Civic Incorporation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States

et al. 2021

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Many migrants to the U.S. are engaged in public affairs in their country of origin. Whether such engagement impedes or encourages engagement in American politics remains an open question. Drawing from a unique two-wave panel survey of Mexican immigrants conducted in 2006, with surveys waves fielded to correspond to national elections in Mexico and the United States, we examine the relationship between transnational political engagement and attentiveness to American politics. The findings indicate that remote political engagement in Mexican politics is not a barrier to incorporation in the U.S. context. On the contrary, engagement in Mexican campaigns can stimulate interest and participation in U.S. elections.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transnational Political Engagement and the Civic Incorporation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States

et al. 2021

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“…1) et le prix du foncier y est relativement élevé du fait d'une forte demande des classes moyennes supérieures en quête de campagne pour des usages récréatifs. Elles combinent élevage bovin extensif et petite agriculture commerciale (plantes ornementales, manioc, patate douce ou taro) orientée vers l'exportation ou le marché national (Ruben et Saenz, 2008 …”

Section: Terrains D'étude Et Méthodologie 21 Terrains D'étudeunclassified

Installation des jeunes agriculteurs et pluriactivité au Costa Rica

Parquet

Coq

2017

Cah. Agric.

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Résumé -Depuis quelques années, la petite agriculture familiale est mise sur le devant de la scène par les institutions internationales et présentée comme étant susceptible de répondre aux enjeux globaux (sécurité alimentaire et changement climatique), et ce, notamment, dans les pays du Sud où ce type d'agriculture reste majoritaire. Un groupe d'acteurs clés est toutefois oublié des études agricoles : les jeunes agriculteurs, qui sont pourtant de potentiels innovateurs et qui assurent le relais entre les générations et le maintien de ces agricultures. Cet article étudie les processus d'installation des jeunes agriculteurs familiaux au Costa Rica, dans deux communautés issues de réformes agraires. Nous montrons qu'un important changement social est à l'oeuvre avec la montée du travail à temps partiel dans l'activité agricole. Nous mettons en évidence l'existence de trois types d'installation distincts que nous qualifions de relève, reprise et création. Alors que la reprise et la création génèrent des changements dans l'exploitation et dans l'activité agricole, la relève, plus fréquente, n'entraîne aucun changement significatif. Les facteurs explicatifs sont à chercher du côté de logiques territoriales, de dotation en capitaux différenciés et de la relation avec l'ancien chef d'exploitation qui est souvent le père. Notre analyse souligne l'importance de la prise en compte de la diversité des formes d'installation pour promouvoir des politiques adaptées facilitant le renouvellement générationnel dans l'agriculture familiale dans les pays du Sud.Mots clés : jeunes agriculteurs / installation / agriculture familiale / petite agriculture / Costa Rica Abstract -Settling of young farmers and pluriactivity in Costa Rica. Small-scale family agriculture has been encouraged for several years by international institutions as an answer to global issues (food security and climate change), especially in Southern countries where this type of agriculture still prevails. One group of key actors is still poorly analyzed in agricultural studies: the young farmers. Yet they are potential innovators, they insure the generational renewal and thus maintain family agriculture. This paper studies the settling process of young farmers in two communities in Costa Rica resulting from land reforms. We show an important social change with the development of part-time farming activity. Three types of settling are identified: the taking over, the resumption and the creation of a new farm. Whereas resumption and creation trigger changes in the farm and in agriculture, taking over, the most common case, does not give rise to change. Territory characteristics, different capital endowment and the relationship to the former farm owner, who is often the father, can explain these different types of settlings. Our analysis highlights the necessity to consider the diversity of settling processes to promote adapted policy aiming at facilitating the generational renewal in family agriculture.

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“…The use of an alternative market tool like a contract serves, in principle for both parties, at least three purposes: insurance, incentives, and information. However, a contractual situation also requires a high level of commitment from both parties to maintain the equity, efficiency, and sustainability of the trade relationship (Ruben and Sáenz, 2008).…”

Section: Journal Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling price scenarios for sustainable collective action and farm production: pepper in El Roble settlement, Costa Rica

Sáenz-Ségura

Schipper

Miranda

et al. 2015

Journal on Chain and Network Science

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Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is considered a non-traditional cash crop for enhancing local development in Costa Rica and a suitable activity for small farmers. Trade of pepper has been done by using contractual agreements between producers and processors, which provides at least three functions: insurance, incentives and information. Contracts also require a high level of commitment from contracting parties to keep the equity, efficiency, and sustainability of the trade relationship. The shift of trade conditions from a competitive to a monopsony market encouraged a group of farmers to start an association that aims to bulk and process pepper from members. Breaching contracts by members of the association endanger this effort of sustainable entrepreneurship. This usually happens when temporary market conditions yield higher procurement prices by other competitors. This situation is also worsened by the lack of proper information on production and processing costs between the contracting parties, and then, the disagreement on the procurement price fixation and payment conditions. By using a mixed integer linear optimization model, we aim to identify the ‘best’ price of fresh pepper traded between both parties. We make use of primary information from 12 different farms on production costs and from the association on processing costs. The model incorporates minimum required net margins for all contracting parties, while modelling the net margins of each party, the amount of traded fresh pepper and preferred contract possibilities, given different fresh pepper price scenarios. At lower prices, some of the farmers that supply pepper, do this to just break-even. At higher prices, more is supplied by more farmers. Under monopsony conditions and individual contracts between parties, it is in the interest of the buyer to offer higher fresh pepper prices in order to buy and process more pepper, up to the point that the marginal costs of buying more pepper are equal to the marginal benefits of that extra pepper. This is because the processor has fixed costs, next to variable costs. Higher volumes reduce the average total costs of processing per kg of pepper, and thereby increase profit. When group contracts are possible, thus under bilateral monopoly conditions – farmers acting as ‘one’ seller and the processor as the only buyer – more fresh pepper is supplied at higher prices than under monopsony conditions as more farmers would have higher surpluses. At the same time the processor would have a higher profit than using individual contracts.

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Farmers, Markets and Contracts: Chain Integration of Smallholder Producers in Costa Rica

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Transnational Political Engagement and the Civic Incorporation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States

Transnational Political Engagement and the Civic Incorporation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States

Installation des jeunes agriculteurs et pluriactivité au Costa Rica

Modelling price scenarios for sustainable collective action and farm production: pepper in El Roble settlement, Costa Rica

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