Farmer’s strategies in the choice of citrus spatial structures in cocoa-based agroforests in Cameroon

Ndo, Eunice Golda Danièle; Mvondo, Etienne Akoutou; Nomo, Lucien Bidzanga; Manga, Faustin Bella; Ambang, Zachée; Cilas, Christian

doi:10.1007/s10457-023-00817-3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The DMHDC and DMLS cocoa AFS present a high number of mosaic and fruit species, with high abundance and frequency of Musaceae and Persea americana Mill species, which are in agreement with global trends reported by different authors (Cerda et al, 2014;Deheuvels et al, 2014;Gonas et al, 2022;Asitoakor et al, 2022a;Ndo et al, 2023). In studies in the Peruvian Amazon, the species with the highest abundance was Musaceae (316 individuals in total) (Gonas et al, 2022); in cocoa crops in Ghana, Persea americana was the most common shade tree species (Asitoakor et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Cocoa production in Colombia is carried out under different AFS, without an exclusive design by zones. In this regard, Ndo et al (2023) indicate that the specific diversity leads to a diversity of spatial structures that can be adopted by communities, as a number of species vary greatly from one farm to another. This defines the different production and sustainability approaches that cocoa crops can have, which although, in a general way can be defined as cocoa planted in monoculture or in AFS (Jaimes et al, 2022), the latter has different variations in its design (Suárez et al, 2018;Notaro et al, 2020); where, the number and type of plants are important factors in defining the spatial structure adopted by farmers (Ndo et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies in the Peruvian Amazon, the species with the highest abundance was Musaceae (316 individuals in total) (Gonas et al, 2022); in cocoa crops in Ghana, Persea americana was the most common shade tree species (Asitoakor et al, 2022a). In research in Cameroon, fruit trees belonging to different families and species are one of the key components of cocoa-AFS in humid forest areas, accounting for up to 80% of the agrobiodiversity (Ndo et al, 2023). These types of companion species have a high potential for commercialization (Notaro et al, 2021), which diversifies household income sources (Asitoakor et al, 2022a;Jaimes et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in Colombia

Hernández-Nuñez,

Suárez,

Andrade

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Properly designed agroforestry systems (AFS) can generate optimal cocoa bean (BC) yields, produce co-products and provide ecosystem services. This study analyzes the interactions between climate, AFS structure and BC yield in six climatic zones across three natural regions of Colombia. A total of 305 plots of 1,000 m2 each were established in 132 farms where the cocoa-AFS structure, BC yield and climatic variables were determined. Five typologies of cocoa-AFS were obtained based on the characteristics of the shade canopy and the abundance of cocoa trees: “Highly diversified multistratum with high biomass” (HDMHB), “Diversified multistratum with high shade and abundance of Musaceae (DMHSM),” “Diversified multistratum with high abundance of cocoa trees (DMHDC),” “Diversified monostratum with low shade (DMLS)” and “monostratum with minimal shade (MMS).” In the departments of Huila and Caquetá, Andean and Amazonia regions, respectively, the HDMHB typology predominated, while in Meta, the Orinoquia region, it was MMS. In the temperate-humid zone, the DMHDC and DMHSM typologies were not found. A high floristic diversity of the shade canopy was found: 229 species; Caquetá registered the highest number (152). The most frequent canopy companion species were Musa paradisiaca, Cariniana pyriformis, Cedrela odorata, Psidium guajava, Musa sapientum, and Cordia alliodora. The highest abundance of cocoa trees occurs in areas with lower temperature and relative humidity and in AFS with lower abundance of fruit and timber trees. Zones with higher temperature and lower precipitation had higher abundance of timber species (r = 0.23). The BC yield is higher in areas with higher precipitation and is related to the lower abundance of individuals of timber and fruit species, and to the higher abundance of Fabaceae. The BC yield depends on the typology (p < 0.0001) of the cacao systems and was higher in DMHDC (1,148 kg ha−1 yr.−1). These results are key for the design of cocoa-AFS farms that maximize the integral production of BC, co-products and ecosystem services, approaching sustainable cocoa farming.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interactions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in Colombia

Hernández-Nuñez,

Suárez,

Andrade

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Indeed, they are sources of income for households and quality nutritional inputs, particularly for their richness in mineral elements, vitamins and fibers. Due to their perennial nature, they are also one of the elements for restoring ecological balances after deforestation [3] . Despite their nutritional, economic and medicinal importance, the cultivation of citrus fruits faces enormous difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of loranthaceae infestation in some yield parameters of cultivated grapefruit in Njombe locality (Littoral-Cameroon)

Ngotta,

Nkouemou,

Nyaka

et al. 2023

Int. J. Res. Agron.

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Citrus fruits are the most widely grown fruits in the world because of their many medicinal benefits. They are are a source of income for both individual producers and countries. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of mistletoes on grapefruit yield. Experiments carried out in one of the orchards of the IRAD Polyvalent Agricultural Research Station in Njomb-Penja subdivision. Data were sampled on 90 individuals divided in three level of parasitism, on which morpho metrical parameters were taken, and species of mistletoes recorded. Yield parameters such as number of mature fruits, their weight and diameter were taken on each tree during three months. As the results, three species of mistletoes were recorded on grapefruit trees Phragmanthera capitata, Helixanthera mannii and Tapinanthus bangwensis. The infection intensity was 8.9±4.9 tufts/tree. Weakly parasitized trees showed a greater number of mature fruits, weight and fruit diameter than moderately parasitized trees and heavily parasitzed trees. Negative significantly correlation between number of fruits and their weight have been found respectively on moderately parasitized trees (p= 0.002) and heavily parasitized trees (p= 0.000). The impact ratio was greater on heavily parasitized trees (IR= 2.42) and lower on weakily parasitized trees (IR= 0.48). Linear regression showed the increase of impact ratio with the number of mistletoes tufts. The Impact Threshold calculted on the regression line was 7 tufts per tree. Depper studies must be carry on the mistletoes-host plant to understand well their relationship.

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Microclimatic variations in cocoa-based agroforestry systems affect citrus Phytophthora foot rot disease intensity

Akoutou Mvondo,

Dzokouo Dzoyem,

Bissohon

et al. 2024

Agroforest Syst

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Farmer’s strategies in the choice of citrus spatial structures in cocoa-based agroforests in Cameroon

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Interactions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in Colombia

Interactions between climate, shade canopy characteristics and cocoa production in Colombia

Impact of loranthaceae infestation in some yield parameters of cultivated grapefruit in Njombe locality (Littoral-Cameroon)

Microclimatic variations in cocoa-based agroforestry systems affect citrus Phytophthora foot rot disease intensity

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