Farfield Spectrum of the Sonic Boom

Abstract

The pressure spectrum of the sonic-boom N wave is simply given by P (ω) = (2π)−12TP(T)j1(ωT/2), where T is the boom duration, P(T) is the pressure amplitude, and j1(ωT/2) is a spherical Bessel function of the first kind and order. The effective acoustic period of the N wave is approximately 32 times its duration. The present formulation is a simplification of those by Crocker and Young. The spectrum formula given by Zepler and Harel is incomplete.

Inferring the Evolution of a Large Earthquake From Its Acoustic Impacts on the Ionosphere

“…Thus, in a homogeneous atmosphere, the resulting long‐time behavior shape at far field does not depend on the source characteristics (Carlson & Maglieri, 1972; Smoller, 2012). However, the durations, amplitudes, and times of arrival of the resulting N‐waves at far distances do depend on the source characteristics (Howes, 1967; T.‐P. Liu, 1977).…”

“…Thus, in a homogeneous atmosphere, the resulting long-time behavior shape at far field does not depend on the source characteristics (Carlson & Maglieri, 1972;Smoller, 2012). However, the durations, amplitudes, and times of arrival of the resulting N-waves at far distances do depend on the source characteristics (Howes, 1967;T.-P. Liu, 1977). In general, however, the shape of N-waves may be distorted by atmospheric stratification, winds, and turbulence (Crow, 1969;Marchiano et al, 2005;Pierce & Maglieri, 1972;Sabatini, Snively, et al, 2019), as well as nonlinear effects and wave focusing (Inoue & Yano, 1997;Sabatini, Marsden, et al, 2019).…”

An Experimental Investigation of Rise Times of Very Weak Shock Waves.

“…This is caused by the line-source effect, which has been treated in Ref. 42. We found that the flat part grows from zero to a maximum as e varies from 00 to 900.…”