Inferring the Evolution of a Large Earthquake From Its Acoustic Impacts on the Ionosphere

Inchin, Pavel; Snively, J. B.; Kaneko, Yoshihiro; Zettergren, M. D.; Komjáthy, A.

doi:10.1029/2020av000260

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…The absence of the PF IAW source processes results in ∼26% weaker OH(3,1) BWT perturbations (4.3 vs. 5.8 K of OH(3,1) BWT perturbations). Interestingly to note, Inchin et al (2021) found a similar relative difference in amplitudes of TEC perturbations from simulations with and without the PF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…To specify a source of seismic waves and resulting IAWs, we use a previously developed and validated earthquake source model (Inchin et al, 2021). We combined the kinematic model by Holden et al (2017) and the specification of the Papatea Fault (PF) by Xu et al (2018) (hereafter, Holden-Xu model) (Figure 1), that was previously found to reproduce near-epicentral seismic and geodetic observations and provide the closest agreement with detected TEC perturbations.…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of Infrasonic Acoustic Wave Imprints on Airglow Layers During the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake

et al. 2022

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Simulations of hypothesized but unobserved mesopause airglow (MA) disturbances generated by infrasonic acoustic waves (IAWs) during the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura earthquake are performed. Realistic surface displacements are calculated in a forward seismic wave propagation model and incorporated into a 3‐D nonlinear compressible neutral atmosphere model as a source of IAWs at the surface‐air interface. Inchin et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020av000260 previously showed that Global Positioning System‐based total electron content (TEC) observations can be used to constrain the finite‐fault kinematics of the Kaikoura earthquake. However, due to limitations of Global Navigation Satellite System network coverage and coalescence of nonlinear IAW fronts, they pointed to the relative insensitivity of the observed near‐zenith TEC perturbations to the rupture evolution on the Papatea fault (PF). Here, we demonstrate that MA observations may have been able to supplement the investigation of the PF, providing information on both the timing of rupture initiation and its direction of propagation. The amplitudes of perturbations of vertically integrated volume emission rates for the simulated hydroxyl (OH)(3,1) and atomic oxygen O(1S) 557.7 nm reach ∼18% peak‐to‐peak, and ∼3.2% (5.8 K) peak‐to‐peak perturbations in OH(3,1) temperature. Our results suggest that observations of nighttime MA imprints of coseismic IAWs are feasible with ground‐based imagers, and may supplement the study of finite‐fault kinematics of large crustal earthquakes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Infrasonic Acoustic Wave Imprints on Airglow Layers During the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake

et al. 2022

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“…It has been argued that faulting mechanisms can be described using the information extracted from near-epicentral CIDs. This idea has been supported in part by some simulations (Inchin et al, 2020(Inchin et al, , 2021.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…Most studies have utilized simplified sources to excite atmospheric disturbances. Recently, Inchin et al (2020) and Inchin et al (2021) incorporated near-epicentral seismic wave dynamics and successfully reproduced the observational near-epicentral CIDs of the Nepal earthquake. Despite the complicity of the simulated near-epicentral CIDs, their results demonstrate the possibility of describing fault mechanisms based on ionospheric TEC data.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…Differences in these parameters can be partly related to the varied velocities of Rayleigh surface waves in different regions. In addition, seawater around epicenters is also a factor that can cause differences between inland earthquakes and submarine earthquakes and is topic of ongoing research (Inchin et al, 2020(Inchin et al, , 2021Liu et al, 2017). The impact of geological structures on far-field CIDs is understudied, particularly for inland earthquakes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relating Far‐Field Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances to Geological Structures

et al. 2021

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Ionospheric disturbances generated by earthquakes, known as coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs), have been observed after many large earthquakes (Bolt, 1964;Calais & Minster, 1998;Yuen et al., 1969). The amplitudes of small ground vibrations increase thousands of times as they propagate upward to the ionosphere due to the exponential decrease of air density decrease and near conservation of kinetic energy associated with long-period waves (e.g., Ducic et al., 2003;Imtiaz & Marchand, 2012). Perevalova et al. (2014) demonstrated that earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6.5 can generate observable disturbances in the ionosphere. These signals were first captured by ionosondes after the 1960 Alaskan earthquake. In recent decades, total electron content (TEC) data from dense GNSS networks worldwide have revealed the characteristics of CIDs in detail. Most CIDs have been observed near epicenters (Liu et al., 2017). In the previous CIDs work, the term far-field were commonly used. Here, by far-field CIDs we mean those

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Investigation of Atmospheric Anomalies due to the Great Tohoku Earthquake Disturbance Using NRLMSISE-00 Atmospheric Model Measurement

Endeshaw

2024

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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In this study, the atmospheric changes for the 9.0-magnitude Tohoku earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, are analyzed. The March 11, 2011 earthquake was preceded by a large foreshock on March 09, 2011 with magnitude M 7.3 and depth 32 km at 02:45:20 UT near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. The earthquake doesn’t limit its effects on the Earth’s lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere; it also extends its effects to the atmosphere because of the gas emissions, which produce large-scale seismic waves from the ground and release gases into the atmosphere. In this study, the anomalies of the atmospheric parameters are studied by using one of the atmospheric models from the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extension 2000 (NRLMSISE-00) model data to analyze the atmospheric anomalies of the Tohoku Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The atmospheric parameters of atomic oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), atomic nitrogen (N), helium (He), argon (Ar), molecular oxygen (O2), molecular nitrogen (N2), total mass density (ρ), neutral temperature (Tn), exospheric temperature (Tex) and anomalous oxygen (AO) are used for analysis during the earthquake occurrence. The epicenter of the Tohoku earthquake, with a geographical location of latitude 38.30° N and longitude 142.37° E, is used for the NRLMSISE-00 model as input parameters to analyze the output of atmospheric parameters. To compare the atmospheric changes caused by the earthquake, 5 days before and after the earthquake are considered. To detect where the atmospheric parameters increased or decreased from the earthquake day, the percentage deviation of the NRLMSISE-00 model is applied. The results indicate that there were atmospheric parameter anomalies that occurred a few days before, following and during the earthquake on March 11, 2011. Except for hydrogen (H), all atmospheric parameters average daily percentage deviation values were positive during the 5 days before and after with respect to the main earthquake shock on March 11, 2011. The NRLMSISE-00 model can capture the atmospheric parameter anomalies of the Tohoku earthquake well.

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Inferring the Evolution of a Large Earthquake From Its Acoustic Impacts on the Ionosphere

Cited by 19 publications

References 98 publications

Simulation of Infrasonic Acoustic Wave Imprints on Airglow Layers During the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake

Simulation of Infrasonic Acoustic Wave Imprints on Airglow Layers During the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake

Relating Far‐Field Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances to Geological Structures

Investigation of Atmospheric Anomalies due to the Great Tohoku Earthquake Disturbance Using NRLMSISE-00 Atmospheric Model Measurement

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