Family Socialization in Brazil

Martínez, Isabel; Camino, Leôncio; Camino, Cleonice; Cruise, Edie

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7503-9_22

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In summary, the results obtained in the present study support previous evidence about the influence of different forms of parental performance on children’s psychosocial adjustment [8,15,18,62]. Although the results of the optimal parenting style show variations related to the cultural context [14,16], the empirical evidence obtained in the present study is consistent with results from previous research carried out in different countries in Latin America and Europe, including Spain, which conclude that the parenting style mainly characterized by high warmth and low strictness, the indulgent style, was the socialization strategy related to children’s best psychosocial adjustment results [3,44,46,47,67,71]. Specifically, the results of this research provide further evidence about the suitability of the indulgent style for children’s adequate school adjustment [57,66,74], using relevant criteria that are representative of the multidimensionality that characterizes school adjustment [77], such as the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral dimensions of self-regulated learning and academic stress, which are areas of special relevance in research and psychoeducational intervention due to their important influence on adolescents’ academic success [92,105,106].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, another set of studies carried out in different countries in Europe and Latin America (Brazil [43,44], Peru [45], Portugal [46], Italy [47], Turkey [48], Mexico [49]) suggest that the parenting style characterized mainly by high warmth and low strictness, the indulgent style, is related to the best adjustment results in children, regardless of sex and the developmental stage in which they find themselves [12,17,50]. Thus, the results of these studies concluded that children from indulgent families obtain better or at least equal scores to children from authoritative families on various psychosocial adjustment criteria such as personal competence and internalization of values [51], self-esteem [52], satisfaction with life [43], doing physical exercise [53], and substance use [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents

Fuentes

Ros

Pérez-González

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Research has repeatedly highlighted the important influence of parental socialization styles on children’s psychosocial adjustment. However, previous studies about their effects on school adjustment have traditionally addressed a limited set of indicators, such as academic achievement or self-concept, which should be broadened in order to increase our level of knowledge about this topic. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between parenting styles and other relevant school adjustment criteria (self-regulated learning and academic stress) in adolescence. The study participants were 437 Spanish adolescents (44.7% men) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.55, SD = 1.80) who were enrolled in high school. A multivariate factorial design (parenting × sex × educational level) was used for each set of criteria. The results are consistent with previous research, showing that the indulgent style was related to better school adjustment during adolescence, evaluated through self-regulated learning and academic stress, thus increasing the available evidence about the influence of parenting styles in this setting. Additionally, this relationship remains invariant with regard to sex and the educational level of the participants in the study. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of parenting practices related to high acceptance/involvement for the adequate school adjustment of Spanish adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents

Fuentes

Ros

Pérez-González

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Authoritative and indulgent styles have been found to be associated with better adjustment in children in different spheres, although cultural differences exist regarding the effectiveness of these styles [17]. While in Anglo-Saxon culture the authoritative style has been identified as the most associated with the adjustment of children [10,11,13,16,18,19], in Mediterranean culture the indulgent style is the most adaptive [14,20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents

Martínez–Ferrer

León-Moreno

Musitu-Ferrer

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The objective of the present study is to analyse the relationships between parental socialization styles—indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative and negligent, school adjustment (social integration, academic competence and family involvement) and cyber-aggression (direct and indirect) in adolescents. Participating in this study were 1304 Spanish students of both sexes (53.1% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 13.87, SD = 1.33). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed. The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, school adjustment and cyber-aggression. It was observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed greater academic competence and greater family involvement. Additionally, the children from authoritarian families displayed greater involvement in direct and indirect cyber-aggression behaviours. The results obtained and their implications are discussed in the final section.

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“…Similar results have been found with other adjustment criteria, such as value internalization (Martínez and García, 2007), personal competence, and problem behavior (García and Gracia, 2009, 2010; Martínez et al, 2013). Furthermore, the ESPA29 scale has been used to relate parenting to adolescent adjustment in Brazil (Martínez et al, 2007, 2014) and Peru (Albertí et al, 2015). In these South American countries, the use of indulgent parenting also seems to be related to good adolescent adjustment, also similar or higher than the use of authoritative parenting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

English Validation of the Parental Socialization Scale—ESPA29

et al. 2017

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Parenting styles have traditionally been studied following the classical two-dimensional orthogonal model of parental socialization. The Parental Socialization Scale ESPA29 is used to measure the four styles of parental socialization through the acceptance/involvement and strictness/imposition dimensions. The ESPA29 scale is a developmentally appropriate measure of parenting styles, which has been validated in several languages including Spanish, Italian, and Brazilian Portuguese. In this study, the English translation of the ESPA29 was evaluated. The objective of the work is to test the ESPA29’s structure of parenting practices with a United States sample measuring parenting practices using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scores of fathers’ and mothers’ behavioral practices toward their children were obtained for a sample of 911 United States adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age. First, the total sample was split and a principal components analysis with varimax rotation was carried out with one of the two halves. EFA showed a two-factor structure fully congruent with the theoretical model for mothers’ and fathers’ scores. Next, a CFA was calculated on the second half by using the factor structure obtained in the previous EFA. The CFA replicated the two-factor structure with appropriate fit index. The seven parenting practices that were measured loaded appropriately on the acceptance/involvement and strictness/imposition dimensions. Then, the multigroup analysis between girls and boys showed equal loading in the factors and equal covariation between the acceptance/involvement and the strictness/imposition dimensions. Additionally, the two dimensions of the ESPA29 scale were related to self-esteem in order to obtain an external validity index. The findings confirm the invariant structure of the ESPA29 was in the United States and their equivalence in both fathers’ and mothers’ scores. These findings validate the instrument and confirm its applicability in cross-cultural research on parenting practices and child adjustment.

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Family Socialization in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents

Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents

Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents

English Validation of the Parental Socialization Scale—ESPA29

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