Family Dissolution and Children's Criminal Careers

Skarðhamar, Torbjørn

doi:10.1177/1477370809102165

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Most studies were given the score of 2 because of inadequate control for relevant confounding variables or because there was no attempt to balance for relevant covariates. Only two studies (Skarohamar, ; MacArthur Violence Study, ) balanced for all three ‘important covariates’. Another reason that studies were not given higher scores on the checklist for causal risk factors was that, generally, covariates had not been measured before measurement of family disruption; not one study examined changes in offending both before and after family disruption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Cambridge Quality Checklists on a review of disrupted families and crime

Jolliffe

Murray

Farrington³

et al. 2012

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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BackgroundSystematic reviews of the relationship between non-manipulated factors (e.g. low empathy) and offending are becoming more common, and it is important to consider the methodological quality of studies included in such reviews.AimsTo assess aspects of the reliability and validity of the Cambridge Quality Checklists, a set of three measures for examining the methodological quality of studies included in systematic reviews of risk factors for offending.MethodsAll 60 studies in a systematic review of disrupted families and offending were coded on the CQC and codes compared with the effect sizes derived from the studies.ResultsOverall, the CQC was easy to score, and the relevant information was available in most studies. The scales had high inter-rater reliability. Only 13 studies scored high on the Checklist of Correlates, 18 scored highly on the Checklist of Risk Factors and none scored highly on the Checklist of Causal Risk Factors. Generally, studies that were of lower quality had higher effect sizes.ConclusionsThe CQC could be a useful method of assessing the methodological quality of studies of risk factors for offending but might benefit from additional conceptual work, changes to the wording of some scales and additional levels for scoring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Cambridge Quality Checklists on a review of disrupted families and crime

Jolliffe

Murray

Farrington³

et al. 2012

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…Although associations between child–parent separation and interpersonal violence risk have previously been reported, 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 31 , 32 the dynamic nature of separation status has largely been neglected. Complete and accurate national registration of residential information in Denmark provided a unique opportunity to investigate a wide array of child–parent separation trajectories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children exposed to parental separation have been reported to show poorer well-being and mental health during childhood and adulthood, compared with those with parents who never separated or divorced. 5 , 6 , 7 Exposure to parental separation has also been linked with elevated risk for delinquency and violence, 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 but despite there being a notable body of research on this topic, large gaps in understanding remain. For example, limited and conflicting evidence exists regarding how associations vary by separation from mother only, father only, or from both parents, 8 , 15 , 16 by offspring gender, 9 , 17 , 18 and timing of child–parent separation, 9 , 15 , 19 especially in relation to subsequent violent criminality risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although a substantial minority of children experience multiple family structure changes, 4 parental separation has commonly been investigated as a static exposure. 8 , 13 , 14 Few studies have explored family structure dynamics and offspring’s later risk for antisocial behaviors, and those that have investigated these phenomena have usually been somewhat limited in their follow-up measurements (e.g., parental separation status measured at two timepoints only 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experience of Child–Parent Separation and Later Risk of Violent Criminality

Mok

Astrup

Carr

et al. 2018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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IntroductionSeparation from a parent during childhood has been linked with heightened longer-term violence risk, but it remains unclear how this relationship varies by gender, separation subgroup, and age at separation. This phenomenon was investigated by examining a wide array of child–parent separation scenarios.MethodsNational cohort study including individuals born in Denmark, 1971–1997 (N=1,346,772). Child–parent separation status was ascertained each year from birth to 15th birthday, using residential addresses from the Danish register. Members were followed up from their 15th birthday until the date of first violent offense conviction, or December 31, 2012. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using survival analyses techniques. Analyses were conducted during 2016–2017.ResultsSeparation from a parent during childhood was associated with elevated risk for subsequent violent offending versus those who lived continuously with both parents. These links were attenuated but persisted after adjustment for parental SES. Associations were stronger for paternal than for maternal separation at least up until mid-childhood and rose with the number of separations. Separation from a father for the first time at a younger age was associated with higher risks than if paternal separation first occurred at an older age, but there was little variation in risk associated with age at first maternal separation. Increasing risks were linked with rising age at first separation from both parents.ConclusionsViolence prevention should include strategies to tackle a range of correlated familial adversities, with promoting a stable home environment being one salient aspect.

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“…Ten eerste worden eenoudergezinnen doorgaans gekenmerkt door een grotere sociaaleconomische achterstand (zie bijvoorbeeld Barrett & Turner, 2006). Ten tweede leiden conflicten tussen ouders (Skarðhamar, 2009) en de psychologische problemen die een ouderlijke echtscheiding met zich meebrengt (Amato, 2001) tot stress en spanning onder adolescenten, waardoor de kans op het vertonen van deviant gedrag toeneemt.…”

Section: ２unclassified

Genderverschillen en deviant gedrag

Thijs

Dijk

Stoof

et al. 2014

Mens en maatschappij

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Gender differences and deviant behaviour: differences between boys and girls in the influence of individual, family and country characteristics on deviant behaviour In this study, gender differences in adolescent problem behaviour and its possible causes on the individual and contextual level are analysed. The focus lies on differences between boys and girls in the influence of personality, family and national cultural context characteristics. Insights from different theoretical traditions are combined. We use information on 18,027 adolescents from 24 European countries from the 2010 EU Kids Online Survey to estimate multivariate multilevel models on important determinants of problem behaviour and their gender specific influence. Consistent with previous research, we find that adolescent boys show more problem behaviour than adolescent girls. Personality traits, such as self-control, largely explain this gender gap. Low self-control affects girls more strongly than boys. Both adolescent boys and girls in single parent households are more likely to participate in problem behaviour. Boys are more likely to use problem behaviour to cope with a low socioeconomic parental status than girls. Lastly, we found that the gender gap in problem behaviour differs between countries, and is partly explained by the level of gender inequality in a country. Cultural gender norms hinder problem behaviour among adolescent girls, whereas boys show more problem behaviour in these countries.

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Family Dissolution and Children's Criminal Careers

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Testing the Cambridge Quality Checklists on a review of disrupted families and crime

Testing the Cambridge Quality Checklists on a review of disrupted families and crime

Experience of Child–Parent Separation and Later Risk of Violent Criminality

Genderverschillen en deviant gedrag

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