Familia, poder y memoria: las necrópolis de la Meseta oriental durante la Edad del Hierro.

Abstract

Las necrópolis son metáforas materiales de las sociedades del pasado. Las distribuciones espaciales, los estudios de materiales, los análisis osteológicos, de isótopos, etc. arrojan luz sobre las formas de la negociación social, del poder y de la autoridad que nos permiten examinar las diferentes construcciones identitarias y los modelos de organización de las comunidades protohistóricas. La investigación sobre las necrópolis de la Meseta oriental se remonta a mediados del siglo XIX y ha ofrecido extensos conjuntos materiales que han sido estudiados desde perspectivas tipológicas y temporales principalmente. En este artículo, se analizan las relaciones entre las distribuciones espaciales de los enterramientos, los materiales de los ajuares, el sexo y la edad de los individuos de las necrópolis de El Pradillo, Carratiermes, La Yunta y Numancia para examinar los vínculos sociales establecidos en la muerte como un reflejo de las estructuras organizativas de las comunidades de la Edad del Hierro.

Roman rural landscapes in the north-eastern sector of the Duero basin.

“…The assumption that the settlement pattern centred on large hillforts or oppida between the foothills of the Cantabrian mountain range and the Duero valley points to a social structure based on the generalised conflict between the indigenous societies, led by the military aristocracies. These aristocracies are known thanks to the necropolis in Vaccean or Celtiberian sites in the Duero valley, and necropoleis associated with Autrigon settlements in the Cantabrian mountain range (Jimeno et al 2004;Ruiz Vélez 2003, Liceras Garrido 2022. Despite the presence of large fortified settlements such as Monte Bernorio (Torres Martínez 2007) or La Ulaña (Cisneros Cunchillos 2005), the pattern contemplates the possibility of small fortified settlements that would hypothetically serve as a refuge for small communities.…”

A Perspective on Late Iron Age Women in the Iberian Northern Meseta

“…Cremation was the normal burial rite (Cerdeño & García-Huerta, 2001; Lorrio, 2005), with cemeteries containing a large number of graves grouped in clusters that correspond to family units (Liceras-Garrido, 2022). Once again, regional variability is obvious, particularly in the shape of the burials, the stelae marking the graves, the quantity of burnt human remains deposited, the grave goods, and the treatment of these grave goods in funerary rituals.…”

INSIDE OPPIDA TERRITORIES: THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE IBERIAN EASTERN MESETA (CENTRAL SPAIN)

“…), and the animal remains (species, body parts, treatment) varied from group to group. These clusters have been understood to be the material embodiment of a system of linear descent, in which the different areas would correspond to the lineages or kinship groups that made up the community (Álvarez‐Sanchís 2005, 267; González‐Ruibal 2006, 148; Fernández‐Götz 2014a, 183–201; Barril‐Vicente 2017; Liceras‐Garrido 2022b). Although DNA analysis will be necessary to support or refute this interpretation, paleogenetic studies in temperate Europe have proven the existence of genetic parentage along the mother's line in similar contexts (Fernández‐Götz and Liceras‐Garrido 2019b, 184; Pope 2021).…”

“…However, we should also consider that burial distribution in the Meseta funerary spaces did not follow a centre‐periphery‐graded model, as the Numantia team proposed. Graves tended to cluster in accumulations around central burials or in rows alongside access ways (Cerdeño and García‐Huerta 2001; Liceras‐Garrido 2022b). Therefore, the mathematical formula used to estimate the number of graves expected could provide totals at variance with the actual number of burials.…”

“…; Cerdeño and García‐Huerta 2001, 150). La Yunta is particularly interesting because it has been possible to observe the change of the groups in power over time (Liceras‐Garrido 2022b) (Fig. 7).…”