False positive rubella virus haemagglutination inhibition reactions: Occurrence and disclosure

Haukenes, Gunnar; Blom, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf02121750

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with those of others (Feldman, 1968;Schneweis, Wolff & Marklein, 1972;Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andEllis &Campbell, 1977). The two available methods which do not remove immunoglobulins, flotation centrifugation (Blom & Haukenes, 1974) and phospholipase C treatment (Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andIwasa &Hori, 1976) are laborious and expensive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The last mentioned method was least favourable in this respect. Other studies (Haukenes & Blom, 1975;Ellis &Campbell, 1977 andSteinmann, 1977a, b) have shown that heparin/MnCl2 fail to remove HDL, VLDL and occasionally also LDL. Dextran sulphate has been claimed more structurally fit for lipoprotein exclusion (Bernfeld et al 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The results suggested that low rubella HI titres could be looked upon with some confidence after kaolin and Aerosil treatment. Earlier studies (Schmidt &Lennette, 1970 andHaukenes &Blom, 1975) have shown that kaolin occasionally may leave non-specific inhibitors. But comparative studies indicated that kaolin treatment was more reliable than polyvalent anion-divalent cation combinations (Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andSteinmann, 1977a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…But activity may also be found in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fractions of sera (Blom & Haukenes, 1974;Shortridge & Ho, 1974;Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andHo, 1976). The total concentrations and inhibitory activities of different lipoproteins may be subject to individual variations and also be influenced by various physiological and pathological conditions (Beaumont et al, 1970;Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andEllis &Campbell, 1977). All serum lipoproteins should therefore be reliably excluded before rubella HI testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dextran sulphate has been claimed more structurally fit for lipoprotein exclusion (Bernfeld et al 1960). But dextran sulphate of different molecular weights and from different manufacturers has shown variable effectiveness (Nelson, Quiring & Inhorn, 1972;Haukenes &Blom, 1975 andEllis &Campbell, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors

Traavik

Spanne

Mennen

1981

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe ability of the pyrogenic silica Aerosil 380R to exclude non-specific serum inhibitors (NSI) of rubella virus haemagglutination was evaluated. The developed procedure was compared with the kaolin, heparin/AMnCl2 and dextran sulphate/ CaCl2 methods.Aerosil and kaolin were found superior for the elimination of non-specific inhibitors and high density lipoproteins (HDL). The other methods left NSI and HDL in a majority of the sera, occasionally in high titres. Aerosil seemed to be somewhat more efficient than kaolin in NSI and HDL exclusion. The Aerosil method offers the opportunity to detect sera with rubella antibody titres < 10.Among eight such sera, six were shown to contain ruibella antibodies, while two were false positives.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors

Traavik

Spanne

Mennen

1981

J. Hyg.

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OC43 strain‐related coronavirus antibodies in different age groups

Hovi

Kainulainen

Ziola

et al. 1979

Journal of Medical Virology

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Serum antibodies against human coronavirus OC43 in different age groups were measured by complement fixation (CF), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), radial diffusion haemolysis-in-gel (HIG), and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. Antigen grown in suckling mouse brain was used in all tests. Results obtained by the CF and HIG tests, and the RIA, were in good agreement with regard to the presence or absence of antibodies. Similar results were also obtained with the HI test if nonspecific haemagglutination inhibitors were first removed by treatment with phospholipase C and only titers of 1:20 or greater were considered positive. Children 6--23 months of age (n = 45) were without measurable coronavirus antibodies in all four assays. A rapid increase in the prevalence of antibodies then occurred in subsequent age groups, and practically all persons 6 years of age or older were found to have OC43 antibodies as measured by the HIG test or the RIA. The mean antibody levels determined by these two methods continued to increase, however, up to the age group of 10--14 years. This increase in antibody levels after the initial antibody incidence plateau may be due to boosting effects caused by related coronavirus strains, since OC43 antigens are known to cross-react with antibodies induced by other human coronaviruses. Taken together, these data suggest that OC43 virus, or an antigenically related coronavirus strain, is very common in Finland.

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Rubella immunity by four different techniques: results of challenge studies

Best

Harcourt

Druce

et al. 1980

Journal of Medical Virology

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When 42 sera with low or inconsistent levels of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies were tested by single radial haemolysis (SRH) radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), RIA was shown to be the most reliable test for detecting low levels of antibody. SRH, however, was found to be an acceptable alternative screening test for rubella antibodies and was more reliable than HAI. Although SRH plates prepared in our own laboratory failed to detect antibodies in six sera, in five of the six, antibodies were only at a low level (RIA titre 1:20-1:80). OriVir plates (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) failed to detect low levels of antibody in only three sera. There were six (14.3%) sera which were false positives in the HAI test. These women were shown to be seronegative by radioimmunoassay and, when three of these six volunteers were vaccinated, they developed a typical primary immune response which resembled that developed by 43 seronegative women following vaccination. Fifteen of the young women with consistently low HAI titres and one woman who was seronegative by HAI but seropositive by RIA and ELISA were subsequently vaccinated. Six (37.5%) of these women showed no significant rise in titre by any of the tests employed, while ten had a significant rise in titre, detected by at least one test, with a low level of rubella-specific IgM detectable in one.

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False positive rubella virus haemagglutination inhibition reactions: Occurrence and disclosure

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors

Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors

OC43 strain‐related coronavirus antibodies in different age groups

Rubella immunity by four different techniques: results of challenge studies

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