Falls in Children and Youth

Garrettson, Lorne K.; Gallagher, Susan Scavo

doi:10.1097/01241398-198601000-00080

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Ninety-nine percent of the former involved hitting obstruction, playing, and running, whereas the falls occurred from furniture or stairs in 74% of the latter, a finding that is consistent with Gallagher's 8 study of 87,000 Massachusetts children, where these events typically usually took place in association with furniture or stairs. 9 These findings all support the proposition that the home is a potentially dangerous environment for children, especially at preschool ages. It may not be possible to completely prevent STs and falls because of the inherent functional limitations associated with childhood development and unexpected or unsafe behavior; however, the incidence of such events and the severity of the related injuries may be significantly reduced if more attention is devoted to hazard reduction and injury prevention within the household environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Chang

Tsai

2007

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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Childhood craniofacial injuries resulting from STs are more prevalent than are those that were sustained in falls; however, the latter is associated with greater trauma morbidity. The incidence of childhood craniofacial injury appears to be associated with the level of development irrespective of event type. The home is a potentially dangerous environment for children, especially during the preschool years. Padding the hard, acutely angled surfaces of housing structures and furniture around children's activity zones is an effective method of reducing the risk of childhood craniofacial trauma. Serious or fatal head injuries will rarely occur as the result of a fall from furniture or stairs at home.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Facial and cranial areas were divided into 13(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and 12 regions(14 -25), respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Chang

Tsai

2007

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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“…In addition, we included landing surfaces in the categorization, which are important in determining the outcome after a fall, with concrete being particularly unforgiving. (18,19) However, it was not possible to address other limitations, such as the inability to account for the degree of torque exerted on the upper limb after a fall, depending on how far the limb is outstretched.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Fragility Contributes to the Risk of Fracture in Children, Even After Moderate and Severe Trauma

Clark

Ness

Tobias

2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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We prospectively examined whether the relationship between skeletal fragility and fracture risk in children 9.9 ± 0.3 (SD) yr is affected by trauma level. Bone size relative to body size and humeral vBMD showed similar inverse relationships with fracture risk, irrespective of whether fractures followed slight or moderate/severe trauma.Introduction: Fracture risk in childhood is related to underlying skeletal fragility. However, whether this relationship is confined to low-trauma fractures or whether skeletal fragility also contributes to the risk of fracture caused by higher levels of trauma is currently unknown. Materials and Methods: Total body DXA scan results obtained at 9.9 yr of age were linked to reported fractures over the following 2 yr in children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. DXA scan results that were subsequently derived included total body less head (TBLH) bone size relative to body size (calculated from TBLH area adjusted for height and weight) and humeral volumetric BMD (vBMD; derived from subregional analysis at this site). Trauma level was assigned using the Landin classification based on a questionnaire asking about precipitating causes. Results: Of the 6204 children with available data, 549 (8.9%) reported at least one fracture over the follow-up period, and trauma level was assigned in 280 as follows: slight trauma, 56.1%; moderate trauma, 41.0%; severe trauma, 2.9%. Compared with children without fractures, after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity, children with fractures from both slight and moderate/severe trauma had a reduced bone size relative to body size (1133 cm 2 in nonfractured children versus 1112 cm 2 for slight trauma fractures, p < 0.001; 1112 cm 2 for moderate/severe trauma fractures, p ‫ס‬ 0.001) and reduced humeral vBMD (0.494 g/cm 3 in nonfractured children versus 0.484 g/cm 3 for slight trauma fractures, p ‫ס‬ 0.036; and 0.482g/cm 3 for moderate/ severe trauma fractures, p ‫ס‬ 0.016). Conclusions: Skeletal fragility contributes to fracture risk in children, not only in fractures caused by slight trauma but also in those that result from moderate or severe trauma.

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“…In 1989, approximately 3700 infant seat accidents were recorded in the United States (2). In Massachusetts, highchair-related accidents accounted for 1.1% of all emergency room visits in children aged 0-5 years (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highchair accidents

Mayr¹,

Seebacher²,

Schimpl³

et al. 1999

SPAE

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In order to establish guidelines for highchair accident prevention we investigated causes, mode and complications of highchair accidents by the following methods: The charts of 103 children attending our Accident & Emergency department for highchair related injuries were studied retrospectively. Questionnaires were sent to the parents to obtain detailed information about the mode of accident. They were also asked to suggest preventive measures. In addition, a random sample survey was performed with 163 families inquiring about the rate of highchair use and the incidence of highchair related accidents. Of the 103 infants, 15.5% had sustained a skull fracture, 13.6% a brain concussion, 2.0% limb fractures and 68.9% a simple contusion of the head or lacerations to the scalp or face. The questionnaires were fully completed by 61.2% of parents. Every second family reported that their infant had tried to stand up in the highchair before falling off (only one child had been wearing a restraint). In a further 14.3% of accidents the highchair tipped over. Eighty-seven percent of parents would appreciate a pre-installation of restraints, 54.0% requested more informative instructions for users, and 33.3% asked for products with better stability. The random sample survey revealed a highchair use rate of 92%; 18% of families used highchairs equipped with restraints, and 6% reported highchair accidents sustained by their children. We conclude that most highchair accidents occur when unrestrained infants try to stand up. Pre-installed child restraints, better manuals for users and increased highchair stability should be recommended as promising accident prevention strategies.

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Falls in Children and Youth

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Craniofacial Injuries From Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents of Children

Bone Fragility Contributes to the Risk of Fracture in Children, Even After Moderate and Severe Trauma

Highchair accidents

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