Fallow Effects on Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Flux in Central North Dakota

Liebig, Mark A.; Tanaka, D. L.; Gross, Jason

doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0368

Cited by 75 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Total annual fluxes were determined by adding the missing values of winter (December-February) emissions to the cumulative flux from nearest locations [4] [12]. The CO 2 equivalents of N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes were calculated by multiplying their values by 298 and 25, respectively [21].…”

Section: Gas Soil and Crop Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ha (Figure 4) and contributed a small portion of overall GWP. Dryland soils are typically a sink of CH 4 due to its consumption by methanotrophs [28] and CH 4 uptake can be higher as soils become more drier [4]. As with N 2 O flux, CH 4 flux also varied with treatments and years at both Nesson Valley and Sidney.…”

Section: Ctb/n1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While soil C sequestration acts as the sink for GHGs, [1] [3] [4], chemical inputs used for increasing crop yields and residue returned to the soil, such as N, P, and K fertilizations and herbicide and pesticide applications, can produce CO 2 , thereby reducing the GHG mitigation potential [5]. Manufacture and transportation of fertilizers that are applied in large quantities, such as N fertilizer, and fuel used in machines for farm operations can produce CO 2 that can counteract the mitigation efforts [1] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manufacture and transportation of fertilizers that are applied in large quantities, such as N fertilizer, and fuel used in machines for farm operations can produce CO 2 that can counteract the mitigation efforts [1] [6]. The balance between C sequestration and N 2 O and CH 4 emissions as well as CO 2 emissions from chemical inputs and farm operations controls net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) [1]- [3]. As a result, all sources and sinks of GHGs in the agroecosystem should be considered while evaluating the effect of agricultural practices on GHG emissions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater amount of crop residue returned to soil due to increased cropping intensity, diversified crop rotation, and N fertilization can increase SOC and reduce GHG emissions compared with fallow, monocropping, and no N fertilization [3] [10] [11]. Nitrogen fertilization primarily stimulates N 2 O emissions [3] [12] [13], but has a variable effect on CO 2 and CH 4 emissions [11] [14] [15]. It is expected that a combination of management practices that includes no-till, diversified crop rotation, and reduced N fertilization rate might further enhance SOC sequestration and mitigate net GHG emissions without influencing crop yields compared with individual practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Management Practices in Two Dryland Cropping Sites

Sainju¹

2015

JEP

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Little is known about the effect of management practices on net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) that account for all sources and sinks of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dryland cropping systems. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a combination of tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on GWP and GHGI under dryland cropping systems with various soil and climatic conditions from 2008 to 2011 in western North Dakota and eastern Montana, USA. Treatments in western North Dakota with sandy loam soil and 373 mm annual precipitation were conventional till malt barley (Hordeum vulgarie L.) with 67 kg N ha −1 (CTB/N1), conventional till malt barley with 0 kg N ha −1 (CTB/N0), no-till malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) with 67 kg N ha −1 (NTB-P/N1), no-till malt barley with 67 kg N ha −1 (NTB/N1), and no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha −1 (NTB/N0). In eastern Montana with loam soil and 350 mm annual precipitation, treatments were conventional till malt barley-fallow with 80 kg N ha −1 (CTB-F/N1), conventional till malt barley-fallow with 0 kg N ha −1 (CTB-F/N0), no-till malt barley-pea with 80 kg N ha −1 (NTB-P/N1), no-till malt barley with 80 kg N ha −1 (NTB/N1), and no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha −1 (NTB/N0). Carbon dioxide sink as soil C sequestration rate at the 0 -10 cm depth was greater in NTB-P/N1 and NTB/N1 than the other treatments at both sites and greater in eastern Montana than western North Dakota. Carbon dioxide sources were greater with N fertilization than without and greater with conventional till than no-till. Soil total annual N2O and CH4 fluxes varied among treatments, years, and locations. Net GWP and GHGI were lower in NTB-P/N1 than the other treatments in western North Dakota and lower in NTB-P/N1 and NTB/N1 than the other treatments in eastern Montana. Net GWP across similar treatments was lower in eastern Montana than western North Dakota, but GHGI was similar. Annualized crop yield was greater in the treatments with N fertilization than without. Because of greater grain yield but low-U. M. Sainju 1043 er GWP and GHGI, no-till malt barley-pea rotation with adequate N fertilization can be used as a robust management practice to mitigate net GHG emissions while sustaining dryland crop yields, regardless of soil and climatic conditions. Loam soil reduced GWP and crop yields compared with sandy loam soil.

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Section: Gas Soil and Crop Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ctb/n1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Management Practices in Two Dryland Cropping Sites

Sainju¹

2015

JEP

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Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in organic and conventional wheat‐based farming systems

2022

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There is a need of information about global warming potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based organic and conventional farming systems. We evaluated net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in the organic farming system (OFS) using sheep grazing to control weeds without N application and the conventional farming system (CFS) with herbicide, pesticide, and N applications in three crop phases of a 5-yr crop rotation from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016 in the northern Great Plains. Crop phases were winter wheat after lentil (Lens culinaris L.) (W-L), winter wheat after sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) cover crop (W-C), and lentil after winter wheat (L-W) in a 5-yr rotation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sweet clover cover crop intercrop-sweet clover cover crop-winter wheat-lentil-winter wheat. Carbon sequestration rate at the 0-to-120-cm depth from 2009 to 2015 was greater in OFS with W-C than other treatments. The CO 2 equivalent of N 2 O + CH 4 fluxes was greater in OFS with L-W than other treatments, except in CFS with L-W in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The CO 2 equivalent of N fertilization was greater in CFS, but CO 2 equivalent of CH 4 flux due to enteric fermentation from sheep was greater in OFS. Both NGWP and GHGI were lower in OFS with W-C than other treatments. Organic farming system using sheep grazing to manage weeds in winter wheat following cover crop can reduce NGWP and GHGI compared with CFS with chemical inputs in dryland farming.

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Greenhouse gases emissions and agronomic productivity as influenced by varying levels of N fertilizer and tank silt in degraded semiarid Alfisol of Southern India

Reddy

Rao

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

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The study aimed to assess the effects of combined application of urea nitrogen (N) and tank* silt (TS) on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions [i.e., carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)] and agronomic productivity of maize-horsegram system. A factorial [urea (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha À1 )] and tank silt (0 and 30 t ha À1 ) replicated thrice randomized block design was employed for this investigation.Results of the study showed that maize grain yield was significantly influenced by the sole application of both N fertilizer and TS. When both the N fertilizer and TS were combined, the grain yield was significantly (p < 0.01) improved by 5% (4870 kg ha À1 ) over the highest yield observed under only N. We have noticed a significant (p < 0.01) residual effect of N and TS on horsegram straw yield during all the years of experimentation. With the increase in N-rate, there was an increasing trend in CO 2 emission noticed in all the years including the pooled year data. Compared to CO 2 emission, N 2 O emission was greatly influenced by nutrient management and amendment application. Among the seasons, the post-rainy season (Rabi) had a slightly lower emission trend of CO 2 , during all the years as compared to the rainy season (Kharif). The observed results marked the marginal increasing trend of cumulative CO 2 (cCO 2 ) emissions with regard to increasing doses of urea. Tank silt addition slightly favoured a CO 2 emissions. The trend of cumulative N 2 O (cN 2 O) emission was greatly influenced by the dose of urea following the order of N 180 > N 120 > N 60 > N 0 . However, N fertilizer application influenced the cCO 2 emissions (r = 0.83), and significantly increased the cN 2 O emission (r = 0.99). Therefore, optimum and timely application of urea combined with TS is recommended as an effective strategy to combat GHG-based emissions (specifically N 2 O based) in semiarid rainfed regions.

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Fallow Effects on Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Flux in Central North Dakota

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Management Practices in Two Dryland Cropping Sites

Comparison of Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Management Practices in Two Dryland Cropping Sites

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in organic and conventional wheat‐based farming systems

Greenhouse gases emissions and agronomic productivity as influenced by varying levels of N fertilizer and tank silt in degraded semiarid Alfisol of Southern India

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