Greenhouse gases emissions and agronomic productivity as influenced by varying levels of N fertilizer and tank silt in degraded s<scp>emiarid</scp> Alfisol of Southern India

Reddy, Sharan Bhoopal; Rao, Cherukumalli Srinivasa; Rao, P. Chandrasekhar; Lal, Rattan; Rakesh, S.; Kundu, Sumanta; Singh, Ravinder; Dubey, Pradeep; Abhilash, P.C.; Rao, K. V.; Abrol, Vikal; Somasundaram, J.

doi:10.1002/ldr.4507

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition to soil salinization, studies investigated the impacts of the application of organic amendments on soil carbon, structure (Schweizer et al, 2022), crop yield, and greenhouse gas emissions (Reddy et al, 2023). Schweizer et al (2022) compared the impact of 7 years of organic farming (annually 13.6 t ha À1 of composted manure) with conventional practices (2 t ha À1 of farmyard manure with 150-170 kg N ha À1 of mineral fertilizers).…”

Section: Organic Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

Singh,

Agrawala,

Dhyani

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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This article reviews and synthesizes the articles published in a virtual special issue (VSI) “Land Degradation and Development in India: Status quo, challenges, and opportunities.” A total of 31 studies (28 research papers and three reviews) are published in this VSI covering various agroclimatic zones of India. These articles provide insights on how different natural and anthropogenic disturbances affect the diversity, and functioning of forests, grasslands, agriculture, agroforestry, and physicochemical and biological composition of the soil. Twelve of these articles also investigate the effectiveness of different restoration methods to restore various degraded ecosystems through agroforestry, afforestation and reforestation, organic amendments, and agroecological interventions. The historical journey of forest restoration, behavioral pattern of local communities for conservation and restoration, and policy framework for restoration in India are discussed in three independent articles. Overall, there is convergence in learnings from these papers for structural and non‐structural land degradation, soil salinization, and agroforestry but results from papers on plantations and organic inputs into farming highlight the need for more research.

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Section: Organic Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

Singh,

Agrawala,

Dhyani

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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A global meta‐analysis of yield‐scaled N₂O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice

Yao,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Maintaining or even increasing crop yields while reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is necessary to reconcile food security and climate change, while the metric of yield‐scaled N2O emission (i.e., N2O emissions per unit of crop yield) is at present poorly understood. Here we conducted a global meta‐analysis with more than 6000 observations to explore the variation patterns and controlling factors of yield‐scaled N2O emissions for maize, wheat and rice and associated potential mitigation options. Our results showed that the average yield‐scaled N2O emissions across all available data followed the order wheat (322 g N Mg−1, with the 95% confidence interval [CI]: 301–346) > maize (211 g N Mg−1, CI: 198–225) > rice (153 g N Mg−1, CI: 144–163). Yield‐scaled N2O emissions for individual crops were generally higher in tropical or subtropical zones than in temperate zones, and also showed a trend towards lower intensities from low to high latitudes. This global variation was better explained by climatic and edaphic factors than by N fertilizer management, while their combined effect predicted more than 70% of the variance. Furthermore, our analysis showed a significant decrease in yield‐scaled N2O emissions with increasing N use efficiency or in N2O emissions for production systems with cereal yields >10 Mg ha−1 (maize), 6.6 Mg ha−1 (wheat) or 6.8 Mg ha−1 (rice), respectively. This highlights that N use efficiency indicators can be used as valuable proxies for reconciling trade‐offs between crop production and N2O mitigation. For all three major staple crops, reducing N fertilization by up to 30%, optimizing the timing and placement of fertilizer application or using enhanced‐efficiency N fertilizers significantly reduced yield‐scaled N2O emissions at similar or even higher cereal yields. Our data‐driven assessment provides some key guidance for developing effective and targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies for the sustainable intensification of cereal production.

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Active and Passive Carbon Fractions in Contrasting Cropping Systems, Tillage Practices, and Soil Types

Rakesh

Sinha

Sarkar

et al. 2023

Land

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The rate of change in the relative amount of active and passive carbon (AC and PC) due to the land management practices (cropping systems combined with tillage) may vary with soil types depending on their level of chemical and/or physical protection from the decomposition but has rarely been directly measured. We have quantified the C storage potentiality of different soil types, namely old alluvial Inceptisol of Malda and recent alluvial Entisol of Coochbehar in West Bengal (subtropical eastern India) under the influence of different cropping systems (rice-maize: RM and rice-wheat: RW) and tillage practices (zero-tillage: ZT and conventional tillage: CT). The key objective was to demonstrate the short-term impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil C dynamics over the conventional practice. Research revealed that after short-term CA, total organic carbon (TOC), AC, PC, and total nitrogen (TN) showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement under the RM cropping system over the RW. The highest TOC content under the RM cropping system was recorded in the sites of Malda over the Coochbehar sites. The ZT significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the TOC in the upper layers (0–5 and 5–10 cm) and the CT showed improvements in the lower depths (10–20 cm). We observed some irregular variations in the interactions of the cropping system and tillage with respect to different sites. However, the ZT performed better in improving C fractions under RM and RW as compared to CT. The TOC and TN stocks were maximum in the lower depth which was evident in both soil types. The TOC linearly regressed on TN accounted for 94.2% variability (R2 = 0.942) of the C accumulation in soil and vice-versa. The PC was in a significant relationship with TN (R2 = 0.943), but AC was moderately regressed (R2 = 0.851). Lower stratification ratio values in Coochbehar soils (sandy loam in texture) indicated higher profile distribution of AC and PC in the soil profile; while in the Inceptisol, accumulation of the C fractions on the soil surface due to heavy texture resulted in the higher stratification values. The novelty of this study is that old alluvial Inceptisol showed a comparatively greater amount of AC and PC storage capability in comparison with the new alluvial Entisol. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA practice/ZT) in cropping systems with higher C biomass input would significantly enhance the AC and PC fractions; however, the amount of storage is highly governed by the soil type and climatic factors.

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Greenhouse gases emissions and agronomic productivity as influenced by varying levels of N fertilizer and tank silt in degraded semiarid Alfisol of Southern India

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

A global meta‐analysis of yield‐scaled N₂O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice

Active and Passive Carbon Fractions in Contrasting Cropping Systems, Tillage Practices, and Soil Types

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Greenhouse gases emissions and agronomic productivity as influenced by varying levels of N fertilizer and tank silt in degraded semiarid Alfisol of Southern India

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities

A global meta‐analysis of yield‐scaled N2O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice

Active and Passive Carbon Fractions in Contrasting Cropping Systems, Tillage Practices, and Soil Types

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A global meta‐analysis of yield‐scaled N₂O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice