Fair-weather potential gradient and its coupling with ionospheric potential from three Antarctic stations: Case studies

Observations and Analysis of the Mid‐Latitude Atmospheric Electric Field During Geomagnetic Activity

“…Before the 1980s, the near-earth space circuit system and the atmospheric circuit system were handled separately (Michnowski, 1998). However, some recent findings have revealed that the two systems are coupled (Rycroft & Harrison, 2011;Rycroft et al, 2000;Victor et al, 2019). According to many investigations, the parameters of the atmospheric circuit exhibit a significant response to the solar-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (Anghel et al, 2007;Frank-Kamenetskii et al, 2012;Kleimenova et al, 2008Kleimenova et al, , 2010Kleimenova et al, , 2012Kleimenova et al, , 2013Kleimenova et al, , 2017Michnowski, 1998).…”