Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazığ) earthquake in Turkey

Sayın, Erkut; Yön, Burak; Calayır, Yusuf; Karaton, Muhammet

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.10.016

Cited by 54 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As a matter of fact, the out-of-plane collapse of unreinforced masonry walls tends to occur at lower intensities than those required to produce collapse or heavy damage for in-plane response. Such fact, well known in the earthquake engineering community, has been convincingly demonstrated in recent earthquakes damage surveys in Italy (Decanini et al 2004;Augenti and Parisi 2010;D'Ayala and Paganoni 2011), Spain (Romão et al 2013), Turkey (Bayraktar et al 2007a;Sayın et al 2013Sayın et al , 2014 or in Pakistan (Maqsood and Schwarz 2010). Figure 1 depicts some examples of damage on traditional unreinforced stone masonry buildings, recorded after the magnitude 6.3 earthquake that struck L'Aquila city centre (central Italy) on the 6th of April 2009.…”

Section: Seismic Performance Of Stone Masonry Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane performance of regular stone masonry walls, including test setups and axial load influence

Ferreira

Costa

Arêde

et al. 2015

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Stone masonry is one of the oldest and most worldwide used building techniques. Nevertheless, the structural response of masonry structures is complex and the effective knowledge about their mechanical behaviour is still limited. This fact is particularly notorious when dealing with the description of their out-of-plane behaviour under horizontal loadings, as is the case of the earthquake action. In this context, this paper describes an experimental program, conducted in laboratory environment, aiming at characterizing the out-of-plane behaviour of traditional unreinforced stone masonry walls. In the scope of this campaign, six full-scale sacco stone masonry specimens were fully characterised regarding their most important mechanic, geometric and dynamic features and were tested resorting to two different loading techniques under three distinct vertical pre-compression states; three of the specimens were subjected to an out-of-plane surface load by means of a system of airbags and the remaining were subjected to an out-of-plane horizontal line-load at the top. From the experiments it was possible to observe that both test setups were able to globally mobilize the out-of-plane response of the walls, which 123Bull Earthquake Eng (2015) 13:2667-2692 DOI 10.1007 presented substantial displacement capacity, with ratios of ultimate displacement to the wall thickness ranging between 26 and 45 %, as well as good energy dissipation capacity. Finally, very interesting results were also obtained from a simple analytical model used herein to compute a set of experimental-based ratios, namely between the maximum stability displacement and the wall thickness for which a mean value of about 60 % was found.

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Section: Seismic Performance Of Stone Masonry Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane performance of regular stone masonry walls, including test setups and axial load influence

Ferreira

Costa

Arêde

et al. 2015

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…These structures were constructed according to static loads [2]. Therefore, the structures may be damaged or ruined due to seismic loads [3,4]. Earthquake performances of historical masonry structures must be obtained for carrying to the future and the preserving of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Damage Assessment of an 891 Years Old Historic Masonry Mosque

Karaton

Aksoy

2017

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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Diyarbakir Grand Mosque is one of the oldest and the most significant mosques in the Islamic world and the Mesopotamia. The mosque was heavily damaged due to fire following an earthquake which was predicted 8 magnitude in 1114. It was rebuilt between 1117 and 1125. It is predicted that a great earthquake in the forthcoming years will be occurred in the region. Therefore, conservation and retrofitting works should execute for this 891 years old building. In this study, nonlinear seismic analyses of the main prayer hall of the mosque are performed and damage assessment of it due to a probable great earthquake is determined. Material properties of the mosque are defined by using nondestructive tests. Three level seismic acceleration data are produced by considering seismic characteristics of the region. Damage regions on the mosque are obtained under these earthquake loads. Suggestions about retrofitting of this significant historical mosque are recommended.

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“…For the unsupported length of any load-bearing wall between the bearing wall axes in perpendicular direction of the building plan, the upper limit value is given as 5.5 m for the first seismic zone (TEC, 1975, 1998, 2007) and 7.0 m (TEC, 1975 or even 7.5 m (TEC, 1998(TEC, , 2007 for the other seismic zones. For adobe walls, this value is stated as 4.5 m Fig.…”

Section: Damage Investigation Of the Adobe And Unreinforced Masonry Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of masonry buildings in this region were 10-15 yr old; therefore, it may be assumed that they were built after 1990. According to this time period, in order to better understand the seismic performance of the masonry buildings, three versions of Turkish seismic codes published in , 1998and finally in 2007(TEC, 1975, 1998, 2007 are considered to review. It is clear Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site investigation of masonry buildings damaged during the 23 October and 9 November 2011 Van Earthquakes in Turkey

Piroglu

Özakgül

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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The purpose of this study is to scrutinize and interpret the damages to masonry buildings after a series of earthquakes that occurred in Van, which is an eastern city of Turkey, within 17 days in 2011, i.e., the first earthquake hit on 23 October having the magnitude 7.1, and the second on 9 November with the magnitude 5.6 on the Richter scale. These consecutive earthquakes and their aftershocks caused extensive damage and the collapse of buildings in the city of Van and its villages and especially its near town, namely Ercis. For the investigation of masonry buildings, Hacibekir district, which is one of the regions comprising the highest density of masonry buildings in the city of Van, was selected and the seismic performance of these buildings was observed, tested in the field, and interpreted according to the Turkish earthquake-resistant design codes. In this region, masonry buildings were classified as adobe, unreinforced and confined masonry buildings. As a result of this field study, it was observed that whereas the confined masonry buildings had usually shown good performance during the earthquakes, the adobe and the unreinforced masonry buildings were seriously damaged and some of them were partially collapsed

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Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazığ) earthquake in Turkey

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane performance of regular stone masonry walls, including test setups and axial load influence

Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane performance of regular stone masonry walls, including test setups and axial load influence

Seismic Damage Assessment of an 891 Years Old Historic Masonry Mosque

Site investigation of masonry buildings damaged during the 23 October and 9 November 2011 Van Earthquakes in Turkey

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