Failure of Passive Immune Transfer in Calves: A Meta-Analysis on the Consequences and Assessment of the Economic Impact

Raboisson, Didier; Trillat, Pauline; Cahuzac, Clélia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150452

Cited by 148 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…The benefits of improving and monitoring transfer of passive immunity are evident because it is an important driver of calf health and morbidity in beef and dairy production, as well as in veal production . The REF and Brix refractometers are convenient for daily use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These different cutoffs were obtained from different study populations (beef and dairy breeds) with different clinical definitions of inadequate immune transfer and by a data‐driven approach. Various negative outcomes have been associated with lower IgG concentration in calves . Increased risk of mortality, overall neonatal morbidity, as well as diarrhea, and respiratory disease have been observed .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various negative outcomes have been associated with lower IgG concentration in calves . Increased risk of mortality, overall neonatal morbidity, as well as diarrhea, and respiratory disease have been observed . Stochastic model risk analysis estimated the total cost per calf with ITPI as €60 ($72 using 2017, September 11 currency exchange rate (95% prediction interval [PI ] : €10–€109 [$12–131]) and €80 ($96); 95% PI €20–€139 ($24–167) for dairy and beef calves, respectively .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves

Buczinski

Gicquel

Fecteau

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundTransfer of passive immunity in calves can be assessed by direct measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by methods such as radial immunodiffusion (RID) or turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA). IgG can also be measured indirectly by methods such as serum refractometry (REF) or Brix refractometry (BRIX).ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of REF and BRIX for assessment of inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) in calves.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies.MethodsDatabases (PubMed and CAB Abstract, Searchable Proceedings of Animal Science) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Studies were eligible if the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of REF or BRIX was determined using direct measurement of IgG by RID or turbidimetry as the reference standard. The study population included calves <14 days old that were fed with natural colostrum (colostrum replacement products were excluded). Quality assessment was performed by the QUADAS‐2 tool. Hierarchical models were used for meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom 1,291 references identified, 13 studies of 3,788 calves were included. Of these, 11 studies evaluated REF and 5 studies evaluated BRIX. The median (range) prevalence of ITPI (defined as calves with IgG <10 g/L by RID or TIA) was 21% (1.3–56%). Risk of bias and applicability concerns were generally low or unclear. For REF, summary estimates were obtained for 2 different cutoffs: 5.2 g/dL (6 studies) and 5.5 g/dL (5 studies). For the 5.2 g/dL cutoff, the summary sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) were 76.1% (63.8–85.2%) and 89.3% (82.3–93.7%), and 88.2% (80.2–93.3%) and 77.9% (74.5–81.0%) for the 5.5 g/dL cutoff. Due to the low number of studies using the same cutoffs, summary estimates could not be obtained for BRIX.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite their widespread use on dairy farms, evidence about the optimal strategy for using refractometry, including the optimal cutoff, are sparse (especially for BRIX). When using REF to rule out ITPI in herds, the 5.5 g/dL cutoff may be used whereas for ruling in ITPI, the 5.2 g/dL cutoff may be used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves

Buczinski

Gicquel

Fecteau

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In order to better understand BCoV infection and prevention in calves reared under artificial management systems, 30 calves were followed up during their first 60 days of life at an educative dairy farm. Both, the immunologic status of the calves at birth and the colostrum quality of the dams are the most important factors influencing prevention of neonatal calf diarrhea 34 . The outcome of BCoV infection was clearly affected by passively acquired Abs from colostrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immunity to control Bovine coronavirus diarrhea in a dairy herd in Argentina

Bok¹,

Alassia²,

Frank³

et al. 2018

Revista Argentina de Microbiología

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a viral enteric pathogen associated with calf diarrhea worldwide being, in Argentina, mostly detected in dairy husbandry systems. The aim of the present work was to study if maternal IgG1 antibodies (Abs) to BCoV acquired by colostrum intake modulate the development of BCoV infection in calves reared in a dairy farm in Argentina. Thirty Holstein calves were monitored during their first 60 days of age. Animals were classified into two groups depending on their initial BCoV IgG1 Ab titers. The "failure of passive transfer" (FPT) group had significantly lower IgG1 Abs to BCoV than the "acceptable passive transfer" (APT) group of calves (log10 1.98 vs. 3.38 respectively) (p<0.0001). These differences were also observed when the total protein levels in both groups were compared (p=0.0081). Moreover, 71% (5/7) of calves from the FPT group showed IgG1 seroconversion to BCoV compared to 29.4% (5/17) of animals from the APT group. Regarding viral circulation, BCoV was detected in 10% (3/30) of all calves and BCoV IgG1 Ab seroconversion was detected in 42% of the total animals showing that almost half of the calves were infected with BCoV. In conclusion, calves with high titers of specific BCoV IgG1 (≥1024) were mostly protected against viral infection, while animals with low titers of IgG1 (<1024) were mostly infected with BCoV. IgG1 Abs from colostrum origin are critical for prevention of BCoV infection.

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“…Calves born to dams with dystocia are susceptible to low vitality (i.e., reduced capacity to live and grow with physical and mental energy and strength (Murray & Leslie, )) including reduced motivation to perform natural behaviours such as standing or suckling colostrum (Barrier, Ruelle, Haskell, & Dwyer, ). Low colostrum intakes in the hours after birth put calves at risk for failure of passive immune transfer leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality (see meta‐analysis by Raboisson, Trillat, and Cahuzac ()). The extent of suffering is unclear, but it is undeniable that welfare is reduced in these calves.…”

Section: Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex relationship between welfare and reproduction in cattle

Ritter

Beaver

Keyserlingk

2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Using reproduction parameters as indicators for cattle welfare has limitations and, at best, these parameters should only be viewed as indirect indicators of welfare. On a farm level, measures such as fertility rates emphasize biological performance of the herd but fail to consider the welfare of individual animals. Even on an individual level, the relationship between reproductive effectiveness and animal welfare is complex. Good reproductive performance does not automatically signify good welfare, as domestication and targeted breeding programmes have led to prioritization of high productive and reproductive performance in most modern farm animal species. In this review, we synthesize literature regarding cattle husbandry, reproduction, welfare and their multidimensional relationships. We argue that practices such as artificial insemination or the use of sexed semen may provide potential welfare advantages as these practices reduce the risk of disease transmission and injury or enable selection of specific beneficial traits. Furthermore, they may offer a solution to current practices jeopardizing welfare, such as the management of surplus bull calves in the dairy industry. Conversely, the animals’ ability to perform natural behaviours such as oestrous expression, an aspect arguably contributing to welfare, is often limited on commercial farms; this limitation is particularly evident in housing systems such as tie stalls where movement is restricted. Moreover, common management practices such as oestrus manipulation may lead to negative attitudes in citizens who often regard naturalness as important element of animal welfare.

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Failure of Passive Immune Transfer in Calves: A Meta-Analysis on the Consequences and Assessment of the Economic Impact

Cited by 148 publications

References 27 publications

Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves

Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves

Passive immunity to control Bovine coronavirus diarrhea in a dairy herd in Argentina

The complex relationship between welfare and reproduction in cattle

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