Fagopyritol B1, O -α- D -galactopyranosyl-(1→2)- D - chiro -inositol, a galactosyl cyclitol in maturing buckwheat seeds associated with desiccation tolerance

Horbowicz, Marcin; Brenac, Patrick; Obendorf, Ralph L.

doi:10.1007/s004250050290

Cited by 114 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat), instead of α-galactosyl sucrose oligosaccharides, the seeds accumulate α-galactosyl D-chiro-inositols which may play a role in desiccation tolerance and storability (Horbowicz et al, 1998;Steadman et al, 2000). Interesting variations in buckwheat embryos of seeds grown in cooler temperatures were reported by Horbowicz et al (1998) showing that the sucrose was decreased and stachyose and the galactosyl cyclitol fagopyritol B1 increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interesting variations in buckwheat embryos of seeds grown in cooler temperatures were reported by Horbowicz et al (1998) showing that the sucrose was decreased and stachyose and the galactosyl cyclitol fagopyritol B1 increased. A preliminary analysis of maturing C. echinata seeds by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (kindly performed by A. Richter, University of Vienna) revealed the presence of substantial amounts of various cyclitols as pinitol, ciceritol, ononitol and galactopinitol A and B, which could be an indication of the presence of a galactosyl cyclitol series with similar functions of the RFO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

et al. 2006

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Caesalpinia echinata seeds stored in laboratory environmental conditions lose their viability in one month whilst under low temperatures germination is maintained for 18 months of storage. These seeds are tolerant to desiccation, keeping their viability up to 0.08 gH 2 O.gDW -1 . Since soluble carbohydrates are believed to be involved with desiccation tolerance and seed storability, the aim of this work is to analyze the content and composition of soluble carbohydrates in C. echinata seeds during storage in paper bags (PB) and glass flasks (GF) at laboratory room (RT) and cool (CT) temperatures. In freshly harvested seeds, total soluble carbohydrates comprised approximately 10% of the dry weight, decreasing to ca. 8% over 18 months of storage at RT. In seeds stored at CT, sugars varied differently decreasing initially and being restored at the end of the analysis period. The main neutral sugars in seeds from all treatments were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Raffinose and stachyose were present as traces. Free myo-inositol and other cyclitols were also detected. The main tendency observed was the variation in levels of both glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose, the highest levels of monosaccharides which were found in seeds stored at CT. The values of glucose and fructose were practically constant in seeds stored in paper bags for 18 months at CT, decreasing consistently in the other treatments, mainly at RT. Sucrose contents remained relatively stable. Changes in soluble sugars during storage suggest that the loss of germinability of seeds of C. echinata could be associated with low levels of glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose.Keywords: seed longevity, desiccation tolerance, pernambuco, soluble sugars, cyclitols. RESUMO Modificações nos carboidratos solúveis durante o armazenamento de sementes de Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (pau-brasil), uma leguminosa arbórea da Mata Atlântica em risco de extinçãoSementes de Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil) perdem a viabilidade em um mês quando armazenadas no ambiente de laboratório, enquanto a capacidade germinativa é mantida quando armazenadas sob temperturas baixas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar o conteúdo e a composição dos carboidratos de sementes de C. echinata armazenadas em câmara fria (CT) e em temperatura ambiente do laboratório (RT), em duas embalagens distintas (permeável e impermeável), visando a avaliar o envolvimento desses compostos com a capacidade germinativa das sementes. Os resultados mostraram que os carboidratos solúveis são constituídos principalmente de sacarose, glicose, frutose, myo-inositol e traços de rafinose e estaquiose, totalizando cerca de 10% da massa seca das sementes. As variações nos carboidratos solúveis foram semelhantes nos dois tipos de embalagem, mas diferentes quanto à temperatura de armazenamento. Em CT, as proporções dos monossacarídeos encontradas nas sementes recém-colhidas foram mantidas por cerca de 18 meses de armazenamento, coincidindo com alta porcentagem de germinação (80%). Nas arma...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

et al. 2006

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“…In seeds of Erythrina caffra the high contents of inositols and monosaccharides were associated with the protection of plasma membranes from the effects of low temperatures (Nkang, 2002). Interesting variations in buckwheat embryos of seeds grown in cooler temperatures were reported by Horbowicz et al (1998), sucrose being decreased and stachyose and the galactosyl cyclitol fagopyritol B1 increased. The effect of low temperatures on the content and composition of soluble carbohydrates and cyclitols in cotyledons and axes of C. echinata seeds could be important to an understanding of the involvement of these compounds in relation to their behavior during storage under different temperatures.…”

Section: Embryonic Axis Cotyledonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat), instead of RFO, the seeds accumulate α-galactosyl D-chiroinositols which may play a role in storability (Horbowicz et al, 1998;Steadman et al, 2000). Analysis of maturing seeds of C. echinata by GC/MS revealed the presence of substantial amounts of various cyclitols such as pinitol, ciceritol, and galacto-pinitol A and B, which could have similar functions to RFO with respect to storability.…”

Section: Embryonic Axis Cotyledonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in sugars and cyclitols during development and maturation of seeds of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae)

Borges¹,

Barbedo

Richter

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Variações nos açúcares e ciclitóis durante o desenvolvimento e maturação de sementes de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae). Sementes de Caesalpinia echinata são tolerantes à dessecação, mantendo sua viabilidade com níveis de 0,08 g H 2 O g -1 MS. Quando armazenadas sob condições de laboratório perdem a viabilidade em um mês, enquanto sob baixas temperaturas a capacidade germinativa é mantida por dois anos. A concentração e a composição de açúcares solúveis, ciclitóis livres e ciclitóis galactosilados durante o desenvolvimento e a maturação dessas sementes foram analisadas no presente trabalho, com o propósito de compreender-se o envolvimento daqueles compostos na maturação e na qualidade da semente. Inflorescências foram marcadas na antese e posteriormente coletadas desde 32 até 59 d após antese (DAA) e após a deiscência. A maturidade fisiológica de sementes de C. echinata ocorreu entre 60-65 DAA, imediatamente antes da dispersão, quando as sementes apresentavam 0,43-0,67 g H 2 O g -1 MS. Carboidratos solúveis totais corresponderam a cerca de 10% da matéria seca das sementes. Análises por cromatografia gasosa e espectroscopia de massas permitiram quantificar 12 compostos presentes nos eixos e cotilédones durante o desenvolvimento das sementes. Estes incluem frutose, glicose, sacarose, rafinose, os ciclitóis mio-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, D-pinitol e os ciclitóis galactosilados, galacto-pinitol A, galacto-pinitol B e ciceritol. Sacarose foi detectada em grandes proporções durante todo o processo de desenvolvimento das sementes. Traços de rafinose foram detectados, principalmente em sementes imaturas. D-chiroinositol e mio-inositol foram encontrados em baixas quantidades e pinitol aumentou de forma contínua nos eixos e nos cotilédones. Seeds of Caesalpinia echinata are tolerant to desiccation, keeping their viability up to 0.08 g H 2 O g -1 DM. When stored under laboratory conditions they lose their viability within one month, while under low temperatures germination ability is maintained during two years of storage. Here, we report on the variations of soluble carbohydrates, cyclitols and cyclitol galactosides in seeds of C. echinata during development and maturation, aiming for a better understanding of the involvement of these compounds in the maturation process and seed quality. Individual flowers were tagged on the day of anthesis and pods were collected directly from the branches from 32 to 59 d after anthesis (DAA). Seeds were also collected after shedding. The physiological maturity of C. echinata seeds occurred 60-65 DAA, immediately before shedding, when seeds had 0.43-0.67 g H 2 O g -1 DM. Soluble carbohydrates made up about 10% of the seed dry mass. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of 12 soluble carbon compounds present in both the axis and cotyledons of developing C. echinata seeds. These included fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, the cyclitols myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, D-pinitol, and the cyclitol galactosides, galacto-...

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“…It is classified as a so-called pseudo-cereal, such as quinoa and amaranth 2 . Buckwheat can be considered a health food since it contains: protein of high biological value, high fibre levels, high levels of fagopyritols (compounds that may help in treatment of diabetes II), high levels of rutin (an anti-oxidant), unsaturated fatty acids and minerals 3,7,8,18,37,38 . In addition, buckwheat can be consumed as part of a gluten-free diet by celiac patients 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of a Mashing Program for 100% Malted Buckwheat

Wijngaard

Arendt

2006

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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The objective of this study was to develop a temperature programmed mashing profile for 100% buckwheat malt. Both standard brewing methods and a rheological tool (Rapid Visco Analyser) were used to characterise worts and mashes. An optimal grist : liquor ratio of 1: 4 was observed. At this ratio, buckwheat malt showed a gelatinisation temperature of 67°C and barley malt 62°C. A one hour stand at 65°C exhibited higher FAN levels, fermentable extracts and lower viscosity values than stands at 67°C or 69°C, and was therefore used in further mashing trials. An extra mashing step of 30 min, at any of the tested temperatures, increased extract values a minimum of 4%, decreased viscosities a minimum of 0.20 mPas, and increased fermentable extracts 12%. Best results were obtained when a mashing-in temperature was used in the range of 35°C to 45°C. These mashing-in temperatures were used to design an optimal mashing procedure: 15 min at 35°C; 15 min at 45°C; 40 min at 65°C; 30 min at 72°C; 10 min at 78°C. This program showed higher extract values and fermentable extract values (72.7% and 49.9%) than obtained by congress mashing (65.3% and 40.0%), thus successfully optimising the mashing program.

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Fagopyritol B1, O -α- D -galactopyranosyl-(1→2)- D - chiro -inositol, a galactosyl cyclitol in maturing buckwheat seeds associated with desiccation tolerance

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Variations in sugars and cyclitols during development and maturation of seeds of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae)

Optimisation of a Mashing Program for 100% Malted Buckwheat

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