FADS: Fast Scheduling and Accurate Drift Compensation for Time Synchronization of Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a pervasive monitoring system to be deployed in underground environments is presented. The system has been specifically designed for the so-called “Bottini”, i.e., the medieval aqueducts dug beneath the Centre of Siena, Italy. The results of a measurement campaign carried out in the deployment scenario show that the transmission range of LoRa (Long Range) technology is limited to a maximum of 200 m, thus, making the adoption of a classical star topology impossible. Hence, a Linear Sensor Network topology is proposed based on multi-hop LoRa chain-type communications. In this scenario, an ad-hoc transmission scheme is presented that optimally evaluates the wake-up time of all nodes with the aim of minimizing the average energy dissipation deriving from clock offsets. Numerical results show that the proposed wake-up time optimization leads in the best case to a 50% reduction in power dissipation with respect to a scheme that evaluates the wake-up time in a non-optimal way.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Hop LoRa Linear Sensor Network for the Monitoring of Underground Environments: The Case of the Medieval Aqueducts in Siena, Italy

Abrardo

Pozzebon

2019

“…Next, we performed experiments with wireless networks composed of each hardware sensor running the C++ program. In addition, we compared our algorithm with the previous methods, FADS [ 18 ], LPSS [ 10 ], and R-Sync [ 6 ]. Note that the synchronization protocol in [ 5 ] was used for EERS to highlight the benefit of EERS.…”

Section: Experimental and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to hierarchy reference broadcast synchronization (HRTS) [ 11 ], DTSync requires fewer messages, which in turn minimize the energy consumption. Elsharief et al introduced the fast scheduling and accurate drift compensation for time synchronization (FADS) [ 18 ]. Similar to DTSync, FADS employs a reference scheduling technique that organizes the message transmission among the sensor nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, these protocols, due to frequent collisions, suffer from message loss. Over the past few years, a few synchronization protocols [ 5 , 6 , 18 , 19 ] have aimed to address the energy consumption issue. In general, however, the consideration gotten for the aspect of energy consumption is modestly lower contrasted to that for the synchronization accuracy [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

EERS: Energy-Efficient Reference Node Selection Algorithm for Synchronization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

El-Sharief

El-Gawad

et al. 2020

Self Cite

Time synchronization is an essential issue in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). It assists perfect coordinated communications among the sensor nodes to preserve battery power. Generally, time synchronization in IWSNs has two major aspects of energy consumption and accuracy. In the literature, the energy consumption has not received much attention in contrast to the accuracy. In this paper, focusing on the energy consumption aspect, we introduce an energy-efficient reference node selection (EERS) algorithm for time synchronization in IWSNs. It selects and schedules a minimal sequence of connected reference nodes that are responsible for spreading timing messages. EERS achieves energy consumption synchronization by reducing the number of transmitted messages among the sensor nodes. To evaluate the performance of EERS, we conducted extensive experiments with Arduino Nano RF sensors and revealed that EERS achieves considerably fewer messages than previous techniques, robust time synchronization (R-Sync), fast scheduling and accurate drift compensation for time synchronization (FADS), and low power scheduling for time synchronization protocols (LPSS). In addition, simulation results for a large sensor network of 450 nodes demonstrate that EERS reduces the whole number of transmitted messages by 52%, 30%, and 13% compared to R-Sync, FADS, and LPSS, respectively.

“…EERS minimizes the number of connected reference nodes and keeps a minimal number of hops. The evaluation in an experimental network with 25 real hardware platforms shows EERS needs fewer messages (i.e., less energy consumption) than the existing techniques such as R-Sync [ 5 ], FADS [ 6 ], and LPSS [ 7 ]. In addition, the simulation study with MATLAB for a larger scale network evaluation shows that the proposed protocol provides energy efficiency without losing the accuracy of the time synchronization.…”

Section: Brief Review Of the Published Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Protocols and Applications

Yoo

Kim

2020

Wireless sensor networks are penetrating our daily lives, and they are starting to be deployed even in an industrial environment. The research on such industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) considers more stringent requirements of robustness, reliability, and timeliness in each network layer. This Special Issue presents the recent research result on industrial wireless sensor networks. Each paper in the special issue has unique contributions in the advancements of industrial wireless sensor network research and we expect each paper to promote the relevant research and the deployment of IWSNs.