Facts, truths and myths about <scp>SPF</scp> shrimp in Aquaculture

Alday-Sanz, V.; Brock, James A.; Flegel, Timothy W.; McIntosh, Robin; Bondad‐Reantaso, Melba G.; Salazar, Marcela; Subasinghe, R. P.

doi:10.1111/raq.12305

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Shrimp is one of the main internationally traded aquatic products, which has important economic value. As an important aquaculture shrimp species, the produce of Litopenaeus vannamei accounts for nearly two-thirds of the total output of shrimp worldwild (1). In recent years, emerging diseases caused by various pathogens have been the main menace for sustainable development of the shrimp industry worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSK3β Plays a Negative Role During White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Infection by Regulating NF-κB Activity in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), a cytoplasmic serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in a large number of key cellular processes, is a little-known signaling molecule in virus study. In this study, a GSK3 protein which was highly similar to GSK3β homologs from other species in Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as LvGSK3β) was obtained. LvGSK3β was expressed constitutively in the healthy L. vannamei, at the highest level in the intestine and the lowest level in the eyestalk. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) reduced LvGSK3β expression was in immune tissues including the hemocyte, intestine, gill and hepatopancreas. The inhibition of LvGSK3β resulted in significantly higher survival rates of L. vannamei during WSSV infection than the control group, and significantly lower WSSV viral loads in LvGSK3β-inhibited L. vannamei were observed. Knockdown of LvGSK3β by RNAi resulted in increases in the expression of LvDorsal and several NF-κB driven antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (including ALF, PEN and crustin), but a decrease in LvCactus expression. Accordingly, overexpression of LvGSK3β could reduce the promoter activity of LvDorsal and several AMPs, while the promoter activity of LvCactus was increased. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that LvDorsal could bind to the promoter of LvGSK3β. The interaction between LvGSK3β and LvDorsal or LvCactus was confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. In addition, the expression of LvGSK3β was dramatically reduced by knockdown of LvDorsal. In summary, the results presented in this study indicated that LvGSK3β had a negative effect on L. vannamei by mediating a feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway when it is infected by WSSV.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSK3β Plays a Negative Role During White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Infection by Regulating NF-κB Activity in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In terms of vigilance, fast, sensitive, specific pathogen detection methods for surveillance and monitoring are essential for farmers to check PL and juveniles and for breeders to develop SPF domesticated stocks (several now available). See the recent publication regarding the definition of SPF stocks (Alday‐Sanz et al, ). The development and widespread use of SPF shrimp stocks has resulted in dramatic improvement in cultivated shrimp production since around 2000.…”

Section: Lessons Learned In the Last Three Decadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A future vision for disease control in shrimp aquaculture

Flegel

2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

Self Cite

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing animal production sector, and shrimp production already exceeds that of the capture fishery. Viruses and bacteria account for the majority of disease losses for shrimp farmers. Viral pandemics in the mid 1990s and, more recently, a bacterial pandemic from 2009 to 2015 have led to the conclusion that future, sustainable shrimp aquaculture will depend on the development of more efficient, biosecure production facilities that cultivate specific pathogen‐free (SPF) shrimp, genetically improved for growth and disease tolerance or resistance. Major requirements for development, maintenance, and use of SPF stocks in aquaculture are effective pathogen surveillance and disease prevention methods. When protective measures fail and diseases occur in production ponds, there are currently only a few approved and practical therapeutic methods available for use with bacterial pathogens and none so far for viral pathogens. To improve existing methods of prevention and therapy and to develop new ones, research is being carried out on the nature of shrimp–pathogen interactions. Promising results have been obtained at the laboratory level for possible applications involving the use of immunostimulants for “immune priming” or “trained immunity” of RNA interference and of endogenous viral elements. Some of these promising new directions are discussed.

show abstract

“…Another option to improve the inclusion and consistency of the terminology of seaweeds in policies would be through a concerted effort at international and regional scales to harmonise the current language of seaweed cultivation (e.g. 'aquatic plants' vs. 'algae' vs. 'seaweeds' vs. 'macroalgae'), a problem which is also observed in the use of terminology for general biosecurity in the aquatic environment (Dahlstrom et al 2011), invasive species in aquaculture (Hill 2008) and even in specific biosecurity measures of the shrimp industry (Alday-sanz et al 2018). Another option is for the governing organisations of international biosecurity policies to either update or create new texts which include seaweed specific terminology and to set the standard for its inclusion in future regional and national frameworks.…”

Section: Inconsistent Terminology For the Inclusion Of Cultivated Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity policy and legislation for the global seaweed aquaculture industry

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Each year a significant proportion of global food production is lost to pests and diseases, with concerted efforts by government and industry focussed on application of effective biosecurity policies which attempt to minimise their emergence and spread. In aquaculture the volume of seaweeds produced is second only to farmed fish and red algal carrageenophytes currently represent approximately 42% of global production of all seaweeds. Despite this importance, expansion of the seaweed sector is increasingly limited by the high prevalence of recalcitrant diseases and epiphytic pests with potential to emerge and with the demonstrated propensity to spread, particularly in the absence of effective national and international biosecurity policies. Developing biosecurity policy and legislation to manage biosecurity risk in seaweed aquaculture is urgently required to limit these impacts. To understand current international biosecurity frameworks and their efficacy, existing legislative frameworks were analysed quantitatively for the content of biosecurity measures, applicability to the seaweed industry, and inclusion of risks posed by diseases, pests and non-native species. Deficiencies in existing frameworks included the following: inconsistent terminology for inclusion of cultivated seaweeds, unclear designation of implementation responsibility, insufficient evidence-based information and limited alignment of biosecurity hazards and risks. Given the global importance of the cultivation of various seaweeds in alleviating poverty in low and middle income countries, it is crucial that the relatively low-unit value of the industry (i.e. as compared with other aquatic animal sectors) should not conflate with a perceived low risk of disease or pest transfer, nor the subsequent economic and environmental impact that disease transfer may impact on receiving nations (well beyond their seaweed operations). Developing a clear basis for development of robust international biosecurity policies related to the trade in seaweeds arising from the global aquaculture industry, by first addressing the gaps highlighted in this study, will be crucial in limiting impacts of pests and diseases on this valuable industry and on natural capital in locations where seaweeds are farmed.

show abstract

Facts, truths and myths about SPF shrimp in Aquaculture

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

GSK3β Plays a Negative Role During White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Infection by Regulating NF-κB Activity in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

GSK3β Plays a Negative Role During White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Infection by Regulating NF-κB Activity in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

A future vision for disease control in shrimp aquaculture

Biosecurity policy and legislation for the global seaweed aquaculture industry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About