Factors that transformed maize productivity in Ethiopia

Abstract

Maize became increasingly important in the food security of Ethiopia following the major drought and famine that occurred in 1984. More than 9 million smallholder households, more than for any other crop in the country, grow maize in Ethiopia at present. Ethiopia has doubled its maize productivity and production in less than two decades. The yield, currently estimated at >3 metric tons/ha, is the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, after South Africa; yield gains for Ethiopia grew at an annual rate of 68 kg/ha between 1990 and 2013, only second to South Africa and greater than Mexico, China, or India. The maize area covered by improved varieties in Ethiopia grew from 14 % in 2004 to 40 % in 2013, and the application rate of mineral fertilizers from 16 to 34 kg/ ha during the same period. Ethiopia's extension worker to farmer ratio is 1:476, compared to 1:1000 for Kenya, 1:1603 for Malawi and 1:2500 for Tanzania. Increased use of improved maize varieties and mineral fertilizers, coupled with increased extension services and the absence of devastating droughts are the key factors promoting the accelerated growth in maize productivity in Ethiopia. Ethiopia took a homegrown solutions approach to the research and development of its maize and other commodities. The lesson from Ethiopia's experience with maize is that sustained investment in agricultural research and development and policy support by the national government are crucial for continued growth of agriculture.

Genetic analysis for grain yield and yield related traits in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in line tester mating design

“…The popularity of maize in Ethiopia is partly because of its high value as a food, fodder and source of fuel for rural area. Approximately, 88% of maize produced in Ethiopia is consumed as food, both as green and dry grain (Abate et al, 2015). The total annual production and productivity of maize in Ethiopia exceeds all other cereal crops except Tef in area coverage (Mosisa et al, 2011).…”

The decrease of potential suitable areas and the distribution tendency of staple crops in Ethiopia under future climate conditions

“…Primarily, due to the increasing temperature and the varying rainfall, the suitable areas for teff will be centralized to the plateau of Ethiopia in 2080s. Maize is grown chiefly at approximately 1500 to 2000 m in southern, south-central, and southwestern parts of Ethiopia (Abate et al, 2015). The most suitable planting area of maize is simulated at lower altitudes along the country's western peripheries under the current conditions.…”

Precarious Lives: Work, food and care after the global food crisis

“…So far, only the price of teff is continuing to rise; however, the price of wheat remains substantially above 2011-12 levels. Maize prices are about 25 per cent below the three-year average, which may reflect government investments in boosting productivity (Abate et al 2015).…”