Factors That Affect Skin Aging

Martires, Kathryn J.; Fu, Pingfu; Polster, Amy M.; Cooper, Kevin D.; Baron, Elma D.

doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.303

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This result is surprising as it is well known and described that photoaging induced hypo- and hypermelanogenesis [42,43]. In the present study the 2 mm biopsies were sampled on the back of the hand avoiding zones with visual alteration of pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Comparison of Histological Measures of Skin Photoaging

Hughes¹,

Bredoux²,

Salas³

et al. 2011

Dermatology

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Background: Dermal elastosis is considered the histological ‘gold standard’ for evaluation of skin photoaging, but the relation of the level of dermal elastosis to other histological indicators of photoaging is not clear. Objective: To investigate how various proposed histological measures of photoaging compare with the level of dermal elastosis. Methods: Prospective, community-based study in Southeast Queensland, Australia, among 89 participants aged 40–82 years. Quantitative histology was used to evaluate 8 biomarkers of photoaged skin, and associations between grades of dermal elastosis and each of the other 7 biomarkers were analysed using ordinal logistic regression models with proportional odds assumption, using histological grades of elastosis as the outcome. Results: Older age, male sex and high outdoor exposure levels were confirmed as predictors ofhigh levels of dermal elastosis. After adjustment for age and sex, the only significant positive association with increasing elastosis grades was the proportion of p53-positive cells. Epidermal thickness, interdigitation index proportion of surface covered with melanin (% Fontana-Masson staining) and glycosaminoglycan content were not associated with elastosis in either crude or adjusted models. Conclusions: Amonga range of suggested biomarkers of photoaged skin, only p53-positive cells appear to be strongly associated with the level of dermal elastosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Comparison of Histological Measures of Skin Photoaging

Hughes¹,

Bredoux²,

Salas³

et al. 2011

Dermatology

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“…Although histological detection of dermal elastosis in skin tissue samples is considered the ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing photoaging, clinical diagnosis with noninvasive techniques is clearly preferable. The easiest and most popular technique is highly subjective: counting or scoring of visible wrinkles and other changes [6,7,8,9]; objective techniques include measurement of skin extensibility [10] and assessment of skin topography using silicone impressions [11,12]. Few investigators have examined factors associated with any of these photoaging measurements however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for the effect of other factors such as body weight, smoking and alcohol consumption is contradictory. Some positive associations with smoking in particular have been reported but in almost all cases, aging of sun-exposed skin was not shown to be independent of sun exposure [8,14,17] or else smoking was assessed only in relation to aging of unexposed skin [18,19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Premature Skin Aging (Photoaging) before the Age of 55: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2010

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Background: Precise factors associated with premature skin aging, or photoaging, in the general population are unknown. Objective: To examine the risk factors for photoaging in a Queensland community. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,400 randomly selected residents aged 20–54 years, using casts of the back of the hand (surface microtopography) and dermatological assessment of photoaging. Results: 83% of the participants had premature skin aging, worsening after the age of 30. Severe neck wrinkling was 3 times more likely in men and some 4 times more likely in fair-skinned people (odds ratio, OR = 3.86, 95% confidence interval, CI = 2.40–6.23). Red hair and mainly outdoor work or leisure raised the odds of microtopographic photoaging. Current smoking was strongly associated with facial comedones and telangiectasia, and among current smokers, the microtopography grade was significantly associated with moderate and heavy smoking measured by pack-years of exposure, with OR = 3.18 (95% CI = 1.38–7.35) in the heaviest (>20 pack-years) smoking category compared with 1–7 pack-years. Conclusions: Premature skin aging is common in the subtropics, more severe in men and the fair-skinned. It is associated with high sun exposure during leisure or work, and moderate to heavy smoking, and therefore is preventable.

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“…It is known that smoking, age, and sun exposure are independent risk factors that contribute to wrinkle formation [9]. Sun exposure is one of the most studied factors leading to premature aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking in Relation to Age in Aesthetic Facial Surgery

et al. 2012

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BackgroundSmoking is a major cause of premature facial aging. Skin aging in general, often accompanied by wrinkling and furrowing, plays a significant role in the decision to undergo aesthetic surgery. Smoking may therefore be related to the demand for cosmetic surgery. This study aimed to compare smoking habits with respect to a standard cosmetic procedure (blepharoplasty) in the general population and to evaluate whether the age at surgery differs between smokers and nonsmokers.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 517 patients with valid reports describing dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid who subsequently underwent an upper-eyelid correction in 2004. Smoking habits, socioeconomic status, and medical history were evaluated. The patients were classified as smokers, ex-smokers with at least 1 year of smoking cessation, and never-smokers.ResultsOf the 353 questionnaires (68.3 %) returned, 345 were eligible for statistical analysis. The smoking habits did not differ between the blepharoplasty group and the general population. However, the smokers underwent surgery an average of 3.7 years earlier than the ex-smokers (p = 0.0007) and 3.5 years earlier than the never-smokers (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between the ex-smokers and the never-smokers.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe an association between smoking habits and an earlier need for upper-eyelid correction among ex- and never-smokers. The mechanism of skin restoration could result in a regenerative mechanism among ex-smokers, but further research is needed to support this hypothesis.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266.

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Factors That Affect Skin Aging

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Comparison of Histological Measures of Skin Photoaging

Comparison of Histological Measures of Skin Photoaging

Factors Associated with Premature Skin Aging (Photoaging) before the Age of 55: A Population-Based Study

Smoking in Relation to Age in Aesthetic Facial Surgery

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