Smoking in Relation to Age in Aesthetic Facial Surgery

Abstract

BackgroundSmoking is a major cause of premature facial aging. Skin aging in general, often accompanied by wrinkling and furrowing, plays a significant role in the decision to undergo aesthetic surgery. Smoking may therefore be related to the demand for cosmetic surgery. This study aimed to compare smoking habits with respect to a standard cosmetic procedure (blepharoplasty) in the general population and to evaluate whether the age at surgery differs between smokers and nonsmokers.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 517 patients with valid reports describing dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid who subsequently underwent an upper-eyelid correction in 2004. Smoking habits, socioeconomic status, and medical history were evaluated. The patients were classified as smokers, ex-smokers with at least 1 year of smoking cessation, and never-smokers.ResultsOf the 353 questionnaires (68.3 %) returned, 345 were eligible for statistical analysis. The smoking habits did not differ between the blepharoplasty group and the general population. However, the smokers underwent surgery an average of 3.7 years earlier than the ex-smokers (p = 0.0007) and 3.5 years earlier than the never-smokers (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between the ex-smokers and the never-smokers.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe an association between smoking habits and an earlier need for upper-eyelid correction among ex- and never-smokers. The mechanism of skin restoration could result in a regenerative mechanism among ex-smokers, but further research is needed to support this hypothesis.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266.

Effects of Smoking on Quality of Skin, Skin Ageing and Selected Skin Diseases

“…Významný rozdiel vo veku bývalých fajčiarov a nefajčiarov nebol zaznamenaný. Predpokladá sa, že tieto rozdiely vo veku paci-entov boli spojené so škodlivými účinkami cigaretového dymu na pokožku tváre (26).…”

The Effect of Smoking on Facial Aging Among Females in Saudi Arabia

“…All authors read and approved the final manuscript. On the contrary, A.Elzen et al [15] conducted a study showed that the smokers group underwent blepharoplasty surgery 3.7 years earlier than the ex-smokers group, and 3.5 years earlier than the never-smokers group. Their study showed no significant difference between the ex-smokers group and the never-smokers group.…”

Estimativa de idade em indivíduos vivos

“…The appearance of wrinkles and skin spots, hair thinning, baldness and the appearance of gray hair are phenomena related to aging and should be registered during the examination (Black, Aggrawal and Payne-James, 2010;Ichibori et al, 2014;Ramos and Miot, 2015;Ko, Korn and Kikkawa, 2017;Tsuboi et al, 2019;York et al, 2020). Some signs of senescence can also be seen in the eyes such as senile arch, dermatochalasis, pterygeum and pinguecola (Atchison et al, 2008;Deliaert et al, 2012;Grossniklaus et al, 2012;Jacobs et al, 2014;Song et al, 2017;Rezvan et al, 2018;Wanzeler et al, 2019). Such phenomena are complex and require care as they also reflect genetic, environmental, and pathological influences.…”