Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection

Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos; Hernández-Huerta, María Teresa; Mayoral, Laura; Matías-Cervantes, Carlos Alberto; Andrade, Gabriel Mayoral; Barrios, Luis Ángel Laguna

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110296

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We believe future research can be initiated based on this observation in our paper which might help to find the answer to this very interesting phenomenon. However, genetic diversity or new mutations might be responsible for asymptomatic cases [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals

Mannan¹,

Mehedi²,

Chy³

et al. 2021

New Microbes and New Infections

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals

Mannan¹,

Mehedi²,

Chy³

et al. 2021

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…The host associated factors might include (i) insufficient expression of ACE2 receptors on nasopharynx or salivary glands, which could terminate in very feeble infection and could be unnoticed; (ii) polymorphisms in ACE2 gene, causing alteration in affinity binding region and spike protein processing [ 252 ]; (iii) polymorphism affecting TMPRSS2 structure and function; (iv) role of sex hormones, as women develop lesser complications than men [ 253 ]; (v) type of blood group, as people with A blood group are at higher risk compared to the people with O blood group [ 254 ]; (vi) alleles of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, where the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*46:01 tend to load fewer peptides and might increase the susceptibility to infection in comparison to HLA-B*15:03 that enhance T cell immunity [ 255 ]; duration of antibodies production [ 256 ]. Likewise, the deletion of 15–30 bp in the S1/S2 cleavage site region decreases the virulence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus [ 257 , 258 ].…”

Section: Hypothetical Factors Beneath Asymptomatic Covid 19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications

Veluswamy

Wacker

Stavridis

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.

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“…Looking for factors that could influence the frequency of response against SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides, we observed that the age of the subjects was important for rapid viral clearance. Older individuals are more susceptible to developing severe COVID-19 symptoms, due to several factors such as a decline in organ function, basal inflammation, or the presence of comorbidities (Mayoral et al, 2020;. Nevertheless, we report that age is also associated with viral clearance for the first time in this paper, to the best of our knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

ABO blood group is involved in the quality of the specific immune response

Gil-Manso

Blanco

Motyka

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world. To eradicate it, it is crucial to acquire a strong and long-lasting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity, by either natural infection or vaccination. We collected blood samples 12-305 days after positive polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) from 35 recovered individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide pools, such as the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), and Membrane (M) proteins, and we quantified anti-S immunoglobulins in plasma. After 10 months post-infection, we observed a sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell response directed against M-protein, but responses against S- or N-proteins were lost over time. Besides, we demonstrated that A-group individuals presented significantly higher frequencies of specific CD4+ T-cell responses against Pep-M than O-group individuals. The A-group subjects also needed longer to clear the virus and they lost cellular immune responses over time, compared to the O-group individuals, who showed a persistent specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the S-specific immune response was lost over time, and individual factors determine the sustainability of the body's defences, which must be considered in the future design of vaccines to achieve continuous anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity.

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Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals

The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications

ABO blood group is involved in the quality of the specific immune response

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