Factors influencing resident and tourist outdoor thermal comfort: A comparative study in China's cold region

Tian, Yu; Hong, Bo; Zhang, Zhenqi; Wu, Shuang; Yuan, Tingting

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152079

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The T a in urban spaces within a radius of 10–150 m from the center were influenced by the surrounding environment ( 58 ). Therefore, the composition of the landscape within the range of 10 m was measured from the physical midpoint of the 12 measurement points (CP1–CP6 and CS1–CS6) ( 40 ). Fisheye photographs of the measurement points were captured and input into the RayMan software to calculate their corresponding SVF values ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies investigated one type of urban outdoor environment e.g. squares ( 38 ), parks ( 36 ), campuses ( 26 , 39 ), scenic areas ( 40 ), streets ( 27 , 41 ), etc. However, the literature ( 17 ) suggests that both hot spots (squares, main streets) and cold spots (parks, water bodies) should be considered when discussing the OTC of a city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial differences in thermal comfort in summer in coastal areas: A study on Dalian, China

Zhang

Guo

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Thermal comfort is an important indicator for evaluating the environment of urban public space, and appropriate thermal comfort can effectively prolong the duration of outdoor activities. In the existing studies, there is a lack of thermal comfort comparison between hot spots and cold spots. In this study, we selected the coastal city of Dalian in China as our study area and conducted field investigations on the thermal comfort of two landmark resorts, namely, a downtown commercial street and coastal leisure park. The study was conducted on typical summer days and consisted of interviewing several residents to understand their thermal comfort requirements. We investigated the thermal expectations of the interviewees through meteorological measurements and questionnaires. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was used to determine the thermal benchmarks of the on-site subjects. The results indicated that (1) globe temperature and air temperature were the most important factors that affected thermal comfort, followed by relative humidity and wind speed in summer daytime. (2) Shaded spaces are more comfortable than open spaces, and tree shade is preferred over artificial shade in coastal park. (3) The neutral UTCI (NUTCI) of the respondents were 24.1°C (coastal park) and 26.0°C (commercial street); the neutral UTCI ranges (NUTCIR) were 20.8–27.4°C (coastal park) and 23.3–28.7°C (commercial street). (4) The upper thermal acceptable range limits of the coastal park and commercial street were 30.2 and 32.1°C, respectively, which were substantially higher than the upper NUTCIR limit, indicating that the residents in Dalian were well-adapted to hot weather. The results can provide a good reference for determining ideal design strategies to optimize the thermal environment of urban outdoor recreation spaces in summers and improve the quality of life in coastal cities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial differences in thermal comfort in summer in coastal areas: A study on Dalian, China

Zhang

Guo

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…After taking photos on site, both the average visual green quantity and vegetation canopy green quantity apply the semantic segmentation technology to recognize the proportion of green space pixel values in each photo (Figure 6). The photographic equipment includes SLR camera, wide-angle lens and fisheye lens [44]. It is clear that the performance of these two factors has great differences resulting from distinct greening density of the subway station entrances (Figures 7 and 8).…”

Section: Data Collection and Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Measure the projection area of trees and the total area of the pedestrian space. SLR camera, wide-angle lens and fisheye lens [44]. It is clear that the performance of these two factors has great differences resulting from distinct greening density of the subway station entrances (Figures 7 and 8).…”

Section: Data Collection and Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Efficiency Assessment of Urban Subway Station Entrance Based on Structural Equation Model: Case Study of Main Urban Area of Nanjing

Lin

Han

et al. 2022

Buildings

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Public landscape efficiency is one of the research hotspots in contemporary landscape performance. The renewal of micro landscape space has positive effects on community vitality and the sustainable development of landscape resources. The subway station entrance is a typical representative of the miniature landscape environment. To improve the construction of subway station entrances, clear cognition on the landscape efficiency of subway station entrances and their impact indicators is necessary. For this purpose, a structural equation model with a parameter system was established to measure landscape efficiency. There are four latent variables (e.g., traffic capacity) and 10 observed variables (e.g., visual level) composed of an estimation model. Researchers selected 131 subway station entrances in the main urban area of Nanjing as survey samples. Various methods, including investigation, image recognition, and modelling analysis, were comprehensively used to analyse the landscape characteristics of the subway station entrances quantitatively. A calculation was conducted to obtain the correlation coefficient of latent variables and the explanatory degree of observed variables. The result shows that green space landscapes and traffic capacity impresses the landscape efficiency of subway station entrances. Furthermore, all these variables have complex correlations. The fluctuation of any latent variable may cause the decay or enhancement of related variables. Therefore, designers should have a comprehensive cognition of the landscape environment of subway station entrances to enable them to propose balanced design strategies under traffic, visibility, plants and facilities. This paper aims to help designers gain an in-depth understanding of the ideal landscape construction forms at subway station entrances and facilitate the high-quality development of the urban landscape environment.

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“…Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) has been used more frequently in outdoor thermal comfort studies in recent years because it is the only one that can be applied to a variety of climate areas with temperatures ranging from −50 to 50 • C [15]. Many studies have demonstrated that the range of thermal comfort varies with area [40,[59][60][61]. Since both Tianjin and Xi'an belong to a cold climate area, the PET adapted to the local climate of Tianjin, as modified by D Lai et al, which was used as a criterion for evaluating the thermal environment in this study (Table 4) [62].…”

Section: Thermal Comfort Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Strategies for Microclimate and Thermal Comfort for Urban Squares: A Case of a Cold Climate Area in China

Fukuda

Zhou

et al. 2022

Buildings

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Urban squares are an important part of a city’s overall spatial environment. However, many urban squares lack rational designs, causing the thermal environment to deteriorate. To ensure sustainable urban development, urban square microclimates should be improved. Given that, this study investigates the effects of three coverages of three landscape elements of urban squares through modeling and simulation using the ENVI-met model validated by field measurements. The correlation between physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and different amounts of landscape elements is investigated using Spearman analysis. This study presents a case study of a typical urban square in a cold climate area. Design strategies in the area are proposed. The results show that the microclimate and thermal comfort of the urban square can be improved by increasing water bodies, reducing buildings and optimizing vegetation. Vegetation is the most important landscape element affecting thermal comfort in the urban square. The PET can be reduced by about 1.5 °C by increasing the vegetation cover from 40% to 70%. However, the degree of microclimate regulation by vegetation is disturbed by water bodies and buildings (|ρ| ≥ 0.5). Therefore, to achieve a more comfortable thermal environment, a combination of landscape elements should be considered.

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Factors influencing resident and tourist outdoor thermal comfort: A comparative study in China's cold region

Cited by 48 publications

References 61 publications

Spatial differences in thermal comfort in summer in coastal areas: A study on Dalian, China

Spatial differences in thermal comfort in summer in coastal areas: A study on Dalian, China

Landscape Efficiency Assessment of Urban Subway Station Entrance Based on Structural Equation Model: Case Study of Main Urban Area of Nanjing

Improvement Strategies for Microclimate and Thermal Comfort for Urban Squares: A Case of a Cold Climate Area in China

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