Landscape Efficiency Assessment of Urban Subway Station Entrance Based on Structural Equation Model: Case Study of Main Urban Area of Nanjing

Abstract

Public landscape efficiency is one of the research hotspots in contemporary landscape performance. The renewal of micro landscape space has positive effects on community vitality and the sustainable development of landscape resources. The subway station entrance is a typical representative of the miniature landscape environment. To improve the construction of subway station entrances, clear cognition on the landscape efficiency of subway station entrances and their impact indicators is necessary. For this purpose, a structural equation model with a parameter system was established to measure landscape efficiency. There are four latent variables (e.g., traffic capacity) and 10 observed variables (e.g., visual level) composed of an estimation model. Researchers selected 131 subway station entrances in the main urban area of Nanjing as survey samples. Various methods, including investigation, image recognition, and modelling analysis, were comprehensively used to analyse the landscape characteristics of the subway station entrances quantitatively. A calculation was conducted to obtain the correlation coefficient of latent variables and the explanatory degree of observed variables. The result shows that green space landscapes and traffic capacity impresses the landscape efficiency of subway station entrances. Furthermore, all these variables have complex correlations. The fluctuation of any latent variable may cause the decay or enhancement of related variables. Therefore, designers should have a comprehensive cognition of the landscape environment of subway station entrances to enable them to propose balanced design strategies under traffic, visibility, plants and facilities. This paper aims to help designers gain an in-depth understanding of the ideal landscape construction forms at subway station entrances and facilitate the high-quality development of the urban landscape environment.

Research on the Integrated Design of TOD and the Relationship with Urban Sustainable Development

“…There are Hangzhou City Planning Exhibition Hall, CBD Park and Hangzhou Grand Theater around, as well as the main river of Hangzhou city, Qiantang River, which integrates politics, science and technology, culture, economy and environment. What is more unique is that the main function of the Citizen Center subway station is to connect the space of different functions in the region from underground [3]. There are 10 exits in the civic Center subway station for direct access, and different exits lead to places with different functions, so that people can switch places at any time.…”

Prioritizing Subway Station Entrance Attributes to Optimize Passenger Satisfaction in Cold Climate Zones: Integrating Gradient Boosting Decision Trees with Asymmetric Impact-Performance Analysis

“…The station lobby serves as a central nexus, connecting various passages and facilitating entry to train platforms. a welcoming atmosphere for passengers [5]. The orientation of the entrances affects passenger flow and station accessibility, as well as lighting and ventilation [19].…”

“…Subway entrances, serving as critical junctions between subway stations and the city [5,6], embody a multifaceted role that extends far beyond providing mere access. These entry points are pivotal in shaping both the commuter experience and the urban landscape.…”

Social Benefits Evaluation of Rural Micro-Landscapes in Southeastern Coastal Towns of China—The Case of Jinjiang, Fujian

“…Therefore, several studies have used a combination of subjective and objective assignment methods to overcome the limitations of single-method assignment and eliminate subjective bias and objective one-sidedness. These traditional evaluation methods usually assume that all indicators can directly assess the social benefits of landscapes and that each indicator is independent of the others [39]. However, considering the previously described perceptual process for rural micro-landscapes, it is clear that the social benefits of these spaces are affected by unobservable factors or latent variables, and that there are certain probabilistic relationships among the various types of subjective perceptual activity indicator; if these errors are ignored, the evaluation results will not accurately reflect the landscape's effectiveness.…”

“…Its theoretical basis is the analysis and verification of the complex relationships between each landscape element and the landscape effectiveness by observing the degree of matching between the theoretical model and empirical data. In terms of current research, SEM is used for studies on the restorative effects of urban park environments [29], evaluating the effectiveness of miniature landscapes at subway station entrances [39], urban sustainable development [41], and public space governance [42]. Partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) focuses on mining sample information and is able to reflect the essential and structural characteristics of an object using a small number of samples and deal with both reflective and formative indicators [43].…”