Factors influencing magnetic protein nanospheres prepared by sonochemical method

Abstract

The synthesis of magnetic protein nanospheres via a modified sonochemical route was described. The effects of experimental parameters, such as bovine serum albumin dosage, ferrofluid concentration, ferrofluid dosage, ultrasonic power and time on the morphology, and dispersibility of magnetic protein nanospheres, were investigated. The final magnetic protein nanospheres were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the superparamagnetic protein nanopsheres had small particle size of 100 nm, high saturation magnetization, high magnetite content, and abundant functional groups. These biocompatible protein nanospheres have biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Sonochemistry‐Assembled Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Microcapsules for Drug Delivery

“…Perhaps, it will be simple and easy to obtain the PMs with magnetic cores under a high‐intensity ultrasonic treatment if the hydrophobic liquid contains MNPs. According to the proposal, the MNPs‐loaded protein microcapsules have been yielded at the interface between BSA solution and soybean oil where OA modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were dispersed, and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles like common hydrophobic substance could be directly phagocytized into BSA microcapsules with protein shells being not destroyed . The similar sonication processes were described to fabricate magnetic chitosan microcapsules, and then the magnetism‐implemented motion of microcapsules was characterized successively.…”

“…In order to realize the special drug delivery more precisely and effectively, the multimodal devices with multi‐targeting properties are developed and described under some guidance and therapeutic applications. John et al proposed a novel microsphere‐based contrast agent with multimodal imaging in vivo and multifarious capabilities for the efficient targeted contrast enhancement and therapy, and for the purpose, they synthesized multifunctional protein microspheres via both the sonochemical method and LBL technique . The obtained multifunctional microspheres encapsulated a number of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into the cores, which made them become multimodal contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MM‐OCT) and ultrasound.…”

“…And meanwhile, oil‐soluble dyes (e.g., C6, NR) are usually encapsulated into the capsule cores aiming to calculate the release amount of drugs succinctly, and an HPLC or UV–vis spectrophotometer is employed to record the dynamic absorbance values of dialysate that represented the release amount of dye being free from the microcapsules with the time. Take the DTT‐stimulated release in vitro of BSA microcapsules as an example . As the homologous trend lines showed, the absorbance of non‐DTT dialysate at the maximum absorption wavelength had a short‐lived fast increment mainly owing to the nonspecific leakage of microcapsules.…”

“…With a specious resemblance to the non‐DTT dialysate, the DTT dialysate also had an intensively ascendant trend in absorbance prior to the steady change, whereas there was a significant difference in the two absorbance curves, namely, the time‐dependent absorbance of DTT dialysate increased more obviously. When the redox‐triggered release of drug carriers was test in different DTT concentration, an encouraging achievement would be able to highlight the difference . Compared to the non‐DTT leakage processes, the DTT‐triggered disassembly for the microcapsules occupied the dominant releasing mechanism all long no matter how much DTT concentration was, and what's more, the disassembly accelerated correspondingly along with the DTT concentration increasing.…”

“…Compared with the sonoporation effect in sonication, the release induced by the ultrasonic breakdown of microcapsule shells might be a drastic process, and Figure shows the result of short term irradiation on polymeric microcapsules by means of low‐power high‐frequency ultrasound (3.19 W, 850 kHz) . John et al have synthesized RGD‐functionalized protein‐shell microspheres filled with iron oxide nanoparticles and then demonstrated them as MRI, MM‐OCT and ultrasound imaging . In the process of ultrasound imaging, when the microspheres was performed in a preclinical mammary tumor model with 10 MHz high‐intensity rupture pulse sequences, the elevated baseline level of scattering under the repeated rupture pulse sequences gradually decreased but never returned to the pre‐injection level, thus the possible reason was hypothesized that the ultrasound‐triggering rupture of some but not all of the microspheres occurred.…”