Factors influencing immunity against diphtheria in adults

Seroprevalence and Determinants of Immunity to Diphtheria for Children Living in Two Districts of Contrasting Incidence During an Outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

“…6 Boosters are intended to ensure levels of immunity do not wane below protective levels. 7,8 In 2012, Indonesia (1192 cases) was second to India (2525 cases) in the number of diphtheria cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). 9 At this point, the annual incidence of diphtheria in Indonesia had increased more than 30-fold since 2001.…”

Effect of a Diphtheria Booster Vaccination in Adults with a Documented History of an Incomplete Primary Series Vaccination

“…The strongest predictor for preand postvaccinal immunity among previously immunized persons is the time period since the last vaccination [6,13]. In our data set, this is longer in group A (mean 33.5 years) than in groups B,C,D, and E (28.1, 24.1, 22.8, 19.3 years, respectively).…”

“…A modified tissue culture toxin neutralization assay (NT) according to Miyamura et al [12] was used as described earlier [13] to determine diphtheria antitoxin levels.…”

“…In order to evaluate the degree of the immune reaction in the above sample, we have compared the data obtained with the data from 269 other employees who have received a diphtheria booster vaccination [7,13]. The prevaccinal GMT was lowest in group A (history of only two primary series vaccinations, Table 3) and highest in group E (history of at least one booster vaccination).…”

Impfungen im Erwachsenenalter

“…Als Grund für die Epidemie, die Ende des Jahrtausends mit Hilfe von großen Impfkampagnen zum Stehen gebracht werden konnte, wurden abnehmende Durchimpfungsraten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie insbesondere die nachlassende Immunität bei Erwachsenen identifiziert, wobei zusätzlich die Migration nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion und des Warschauer Pakts eine wichtige Rolle gespielt haben dürfte [3,9].…”