Factors Influencing Health Behavior Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Objective: This integrative review aims to summarize and identify the current literature related to health behavior among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients and its factors.Methods: An integrative review was undertaken using literature published between 2000 and 2013, based on CINAHL, Springer link, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Twenty-two articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review indicated a wide range of factors influencing health behavior among T2DM patients including predisposing factors (socioeconomic, knowledge, stress management, and health belief), reinforcing factor (family support), and enabling factor (health service).Conclusion: Family support, socioeconomic and knowledge are the significant major factors of health behavior among T2DM patients. However, the others factors such as stress management, health belief and health service are also the important factors for T2DM patient’s health behaviors. Therefore, these factors should be considered for development of appropriate interventions to promote health behavior among T2DM patients at community.

Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Towards Eating Behaviors by People Living with Diabetes Mellitus

“…Meanwhile, people who don't have a job will have difficulty to fulfill their daily nutritional needs so that the body will be susceptible to get the diseases. The findings are consistent with another study which showed that majority of diabetic patients had sufficient income (17), (10), (20), (12), (21), (24). Sufficiency of income can affect the ability of people with diabetes mellitus in managing their diet.…”

“…The studies are in contrast with other studies which showed that the majority of diabetic patients had basic education (22), (18). The findings are similar to other studies which explained that majority of diabetic patients had advance education (16), (17), (10), (23), (19), (20), (12), (21), (24). Level of education cannot change the wrong eating habits that exist in cultured society.…”

“…The results are in contrast with a previous study which explained that more than half of diabetic patients were male (16), (18). The findings are consistent with another study which showed that majority of diabetic patients were female (17), (22), (10), (23), (19), (20), (12), (21). According to this study, diabetes mellitus mostly attacks female which triggered by hormonal fluctuations that make the distribution of fat easily accumulate in the body so that the body mass index (BMI) increases with a higher percentage of fat.…”

“…(12). The studies are in contrast with another study which showed that the majority of diabetic patients had high knowledge (21). Knowledge is very important for people living with diabetes mellitus in order to avoid complications, so an intervention is needed to increase knowledge about disease, management processes, treatment therapy, interactions, diet, physical activity, and utilization of existing health facilities in the community (25).…”

“…, (18), (10), (19), (20), (21). Diabetes mellitus type 2 will be increases with age, where adult people aged more than 45 years are risk to developing diabetes mellitus due to degenerative factors such as decreased body function and particularly the number of productive β cells become decreases to produce insulin to metabolize glucose.…”