“…“Image of place possesses a hierarchy of themes” ( Ryan & Cave, 2005 , p. 149). In the MICE industry, major destination image attributes during site selection are: accessibility ( Alvarez & Campo, 2014 ; Crouch, Chiappa, & Perdue, 2019 ), convenience ( Comas & Moscardo, 2005 ), overall affordability ( Rittichainuwat, Beck, & Lalopa, 2001 ; Yoo & Chon, 2010 ), ease of local transportation ( Crouch et al, 2019 ; Oppermann 1996 ), meeting room facilities ( Baloglu & Love, 2005 ; Rittichainuwat, 2020 ), service quality ( Wei & Lin, 2014 ), sales promotions ( Rodriguez, Reina, & Sevilla, 2014 ) and safety and security ( Crouch et al, 2019 ; Rittichainuwat, Qu, & Brown, 2001 ) in which political instability shapes risk perception.…”