Factors Driving Rice Land Change 1989–2018 in the Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

The Deli Serdang Regency produces amongst the highest amounts of rice in the province of North Sumatera in Indonesia. Due to land use change and stagnant productivity, the total rice land area and its production have gradually decreased over the years. Hence, understanding this issue is crucial, especially to ensure the sustainability of rice production in the future. The objectives of this study were to identify the trends in land use change (especially regarding rice land) and to investigate the factors affecting rice land change. We classified the satellite images acquired for the years 1989, 1994, 2003, 2009, and 2018 to determine the total area of various land uses. The factors driving rice land change were analyzed using biophysical and socio-economic factors identified from the collected primary and secondary data. The primary data were derived from field surveys, soil analysis, and household surveys, and the secondary data were derived from the Statistical Institution of the Deli Serdang Regency. Correlation analysis, principle component analysis, binary logistic regression, normalization, and weighted index were used to investigate the factors driving rice land change. The results show that forest and rice land have continuously decreased, while plantations and urban areas have continuously increased over this period. We found that the majority of rice land has been converted to plantation expansion and urban development, especially from 2009 to 2018. The factors most affecting rice land change were the distance of rice land to the district capital, the distance of rice land to the provincial capital, population density, slope, and the distance of farmers’ rice land to a road. A suitability map for rice land was generated. All the outputs could help with making appropriate strategic decisions to achieve sustainable land use management, especially for rice land.

Measuring The Effectiveness of Agricultural Mechanization Performance on Irrigated Rice Area in Batubara Regency

“…The efforts to increase rice production facing many challenges to be solved, such as climatic condition which is unpredictable, declining total rice land area influencing by land use conversion issue [2], and decreasing total number of agricultural labor and high incentive to pay them [3]. The rice production at national level is tend to decrease which is affected by decreasing of rice production at local level.…”

Identifying Land Resource Potency and Introducing New Varieties to Support Sustainable Maize Production in Simalungun Regency

“…Surprisingly, there were declining maize production in the last five years (2015 to 2019), from 3,435 t to 2,324 t [4], suspected to be mainly caused by decreasing total number of harvested area and productivity. Some major driving factors behind of these issues are agricultural conversion to urban or plantation area [5], land degradation caused by chemical fertilization and deforestation [6], drought and flood [7] and climate change [8]. These problems drive to worsening land fertility and lead to the declining of maize productivity.…”

Bio-organic, Bio-chemical Fertilizers and N-Fixer (N-Bio Booster) Improve Paddy Yields in the Field Trials at Langkat in Medan, Indonesia

“…o meet the increasing needs of rice in North Sumatera in Indonesia [1], a solution is needed to provide fertilizer with the right type and dosage. If the plants experience a lack of NPK, this can result in low quality and quantity of production.…”

“…The total area of paddy land and yield have progressively reduced over the years in North Sumatera [1]. The rice production problem, at Medan, North Sumatera, has been a research focus by a few researchers [1,[3][4].…”

“…The total area of paddy land and yield have progressively reduced over the years in North Sumatera [1]. The rice production problem, at Medan, North Sumatera, has been a research focus by a few researchers [1,[3][4]. Barus et al [3] found that IR 42 and Banyuasin had the best growth and high adaptability on saline soil as compared with other genotypes in the paddy growth at Paluh Merbau in Medan.…”