Factors Determining Urban Poverty of Farming Households in a Tropical Region

Thompson

2021

JLS

In spite of the numerous poverty reduction policies and programs of successive administrations in Nigeria, the generality of the populace are still in a web of deprivation and hunger. It is apparent that government is unable to stem the tide of poverty and thus the need for surrogate stakeholders to lift the poor out of poverty. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted to estimate the factors influencing the willingness of religious institutions to undertake poverty reduction programs for it members and the constraints limiting their ability to initiate programs that will ameliorate the suffering of poor members in the congregation. A total of 60 churches were sampled through the multistage sampling procedure and information were elicited using questionnaire. Data were analyzed using probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Result revealed that the most critical factors influencing the willingness of churches to undertake programs that will lift poor members of the congregation out of poverty were age and educational level of the church leaders, size of congregation, church income and age of the church. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance indicated that there was 54 percent (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with the willingness of churches to undertake programs that will lessen the pains of poverty among its members. Findings further showed that the top five most limiting constraints were lack of finance, lack of trained personnel, inadequate knowledge about the programs, unfavorable government policies and low membership strength.

Section: Factors Influencing Willingness Of Churches To Undertake Poverty Reduction Programssupporting

confidence: 91%

Religious Institutions and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Thompson

2021

JLS

“…This result is synonymous with earlier empirical findings by Etim and Edet (2013b); Etwire et al, (2013); Etim (2015); Etim et al, (2017); Etim et al, (2020a) younger farmers are risk takers, receptive and will be more likely to adopt innovations faster than the older farmers. Ayamga (2006) and Etim and Edet (2014) also corroborated that agricultural activities involves lots of drudgery, the ability to work tends to decrease with age thus discourages the participation in cooperative organizations. Result contrasts with Asante et al,2011) who reported that age of household head was positive and significantly influenced farmers' willingness to join cooperative organizations.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Households' Decision To Participate In Cooperative Organizationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Households’ Decision to Participate in Cooperative Organizations: Evidence from Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Udolnyang

EBUKİBA³

et al. 2021

JLS

Farmer organizations are effective mechanisms for increasing agricultural production, darners income and reducing poverty. Regrettably, farmers have not taken advantage of the lofty benefits accruable to those who voluntarily join these organizations. The study estimated the factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations and also tested the level of agreement among identified constraints linked with participation. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 farmers for the study. Primary data were obtained using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results of analyses revealed that the mean age, years of educational attainment household size and years of farming experience were 32, 15, 5 and 7 respectively. Result of probit analysis further indicate that age of the farmer, farm income, household size, participation in meeting, major decision maker, distance of farm to the nearest road and farmers social status were the most critical factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance revealed that there was 0.42 (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with farmers' participation in cooperative organizations. Furthermore, findings showed that the top five factors limiting households’ decision to participate in cooperative organizations were inadequate capital accumulation, high embezzlement of funds, poor leadership, recurring internal crises and lack of initiative. Policies to provide good and accessible roads, increase farmers incomes and encourage youths are rational options that will enhance effective participation in cooperative organizations.

“…Threats to environmental quality has continued to grow worldwide (Etim and Ofem, 2005). As population increases, the amount of waste generated increases correspondingly and the capacity to absorb these waste becomes more complex (Edet and Etim, 2014a). Managing the environment sustainably to provide goods and services on which human development relies on is necessary to ensure secure and equitable access to environmental assets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Nigeria, majority of the poor reside in the rural areas and derive livelihood from farming (Etim, 2007;Edet and Etim, 2014a, Etim and Edet, 2014b, Etim and Ukoha 2010, Etim et al, 2011, Etim and Edet, 2016. Agriculture is human activity that affects the greatest proportion of the earth's surface (Pagiola and Holden, 2001) and largest single source of livelihoods and income (Ohlsson, 2000), especially, in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Management and Higher Education: Are they Closely Related?

Thompson

2020

JLE

An empirical study was conducted to determine the relationship between higher education and environmental management. Through the multi-stage sampling procedure, the representative sample of 180 respondents were selected for the study. Primary data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire. Data were subjected to univariate probit regression analysis. Results revealed a positive relationship between environmental management and higher education. Findings showed that tertiary education was significant at one percent level suggesting that people who have acquired higher education were more likely to adopt and apply environmental management practices and techniques. Findings further revealed that the variable, no formal education, was negative and significant (P<0.05) indicating that persons without formal education were less likely to imbibe environmental management measures. Supportive policies and institutions which provide access to training and information (awareness and media sensitization) that will expand the opportunities of the poor to invest in environmental improvements are required. Policies to promote sound environmental management and protect the environmental assets through higher education would be a rational decision. The poor with low education must be seen first as part of the solution rather than part of the problem.