“…The results reveal that employees in FLJs, who can better recognize the expectations of hotel customers, have better perceptions of EL behaviors, higher IM, and more innovative behaviors than BOJ employees, and might also have a better grasp on administration processes. Given that the hospitality industry is characterized by intense competition (Dhar, 2016;Kundan et al, 2022) and is extremely labor-intensive, managers must look to harness their most valuable employees. Greater employee IB can enhance the quality of products and services, reduce costs, increase profitability, facilitate hotel operations, enhance customer satisfaction (Hossain et al, 2023;Sudigdo & Khalifa, 2020), encourage customer loyalty to repeat visits, maintain a competitive advantage, and secure a greater market share (Chang et al, 2011;Elshaer et al, 2022;Lei et al, 2021).…”