Factors Determining Farmers’ Decision on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vaccination at the Small Poultry Farms in Western Java

Abstract

ABSTRAK Vaksinasi adalah salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit fl u burung pada usaha peternakan unggas. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menentukan keputusan peternak dalam implementasi vaksinasi, yaitu: jenis unggas, pengalaman peternak dalam usaha peternakan unggas, pola pengelolaan usaha peternakan unggas, peran usaha peternakan unggas terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga, skala usaha peternakan unggas, tingkat kematian unggas, biaya kesehatan unggas, dan kasus penyakit fl u burung. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis unggas dan peran usaha peternakan unggas terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh nyata terhadap keputusan peternak dalam implementasi vaksinasi fl u burung. Kenyataannya, implementasi vaksinasi fl u burung lebih efektif pada usaha peternakan unggas mandiri karena risiko penyakit ditanggung sendiri oleh peternak. Selain itu, implementasi vaksinasi fl u burung juga lebih efektif pada usaha peternakan unggas yang belum pernah terkena penyakit fl u burung, khususnya usaha peternakan unggas petelur. Hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah bahwa implementasi vaksinasi fl u burung lebih efektif jika didukung penerapan biosekuriti pada usaha peternakan unggas.

Adoption of HPAI biosecurity measures: The Chinese broiler industry

“…In terms of farmer characteristics, male farmers were associated with higher adoption of HPAI prevention measures (Tambi et al 1999;Palmer et al 2009) but age effects on biosecurity adoption remained less clear (Schemann et al 2011;Sayers et al 2013). Farm income as a proportion of total family income typically exerts a negative influence on producers' decision to adopt HPAI control measures (Ilham and Iqbal 2011). However, farmers with greater farm experience and/or knowledge of epidemic prevention measures were found to make positive decisions about biosecurity adoption (Tambi et al 1999).…”

A value chain perspective to the control of avian influenza in the Western Java poultry sector

“…Further variations between farms within the different value chains may be expected. This is partly due to the farmers' attitude or socio-demographic circumstances, but additionally, the different farm business types, such as independent farming, makloon farming (farming for fee), contract farming and company business farming, may also influence the level of biosecurity (Ilham and Iqbal, 2011). Different farm business types may adopt different incentives for biosecurity.…”

“…At first, since a contingency plan was lacking, the government set up new rules that implemented key elements to counteract an HPAI threat such as: surveillance and diagnosis, biosecurity, quarantine and depopulation, public awareness, capacity building, and vaccination (Dolberg et al, 2009;Swayne and Suarez, 2000). These key elements were costly and their implementation faced difficulties in Indonesia, resulting in a limited effect (Azhar et al, 2010;Ilham and Iqbal, 2011;Loth et al, 2011). Consequently, the Indonesian government switched their policy strategy and focused their efforts on the prevention of bird infections from poultry farms entering the live bird market (Samaan et al, 2011).…”

“…Potential push strategies can be: (i) the implementation of a new technology or production method, (ii) investing in new technologies within the production chain and (iii) the subsidization of service related activities, such as laboratories and advisory services (Horbach et al, 2012;Nemet, 2009). An example of a push strategy to control HPAI spread in Indonesia, was to apply and improve biosecurity procedures in the farming and slaughtering process in the poultry supply chain (Azhar et al, 2010;Dolberg et al, 2009;Ilham and Iqbal, 2011;Loth et al, 2011;Swayne and Suarez, 2000).…”

“…Likewise, the Indonesian government has had difficulties implementing its planned HPAI control programs. For instance, vaccination at the farm level has not been effectively implemented (Ilham and Iqbal, 2011), while surveillance activities for HPAI through the Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response program have had only limited success (Azhar et al, 2010;Loth et al, 2011). There were many cases of under-reporting of HPAI due to farmer fears for mandatory culling without proper compensation (Idris et al, 2010).…”