Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Nsabimana, Jean Aime; Mureithi, Connie; Habtu, Michael

doi:10.4172/2329-891x.1000238

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings of a protective association between improved household flooring and infant diarrheal illness are consistent with existing literature examining the positive health effects of improved household flooring (11,14,15)01-01-0001 05:30:00. Recently, the Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in Zimbabwe found no effect of WASH interventions combined with the provision of plastic play mats/spaces on childhood diarrheal disease (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is possible that the addition of solid flooring may not confer protection against diarrheal illness in rural settings where exposure to faecal pathogens persists from unsafe WASH. Although the few observational studies conducted to date including rural populations have supported the hypothesis that dirt/earthen flooring may increase risk of diarrheal illness compared to cement flooring (14)(15)(16), no studies have examined whether the potential protective effects of flooring improvements are differential by the presence of additional household improvements (i.e. WASH) that block other possible transmission routes for faecal pathogens.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Household flooring associated with reduced infant diarrhoeal illness in Zimbabwe in households with and without WASH interventions

Koyuncu

Dufour

Watadzaushe

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives: Diarrheal illness is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and has longterm negative impacts on child development. Although flooring, water, and sanitation have been identified as important routes of transmission of diarrheal pathogens, research examining variability in the association between flooring and diarrheal illness by water and sanitation is limited.Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data collected for the evaluation of Zimbabwe's Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission program in 2014 and 2017-18. Mothers of infants 9-18 months of age self-reported the household's source of drinking water and type of sanitation facility, as well as infant diarrheal illness in the four-weeks prior to the survey. Household flooring was assessed using interviewer observation, and households in which the main material of flooring was dirt/earthen were classified as having unimproved flooring and those with solid flooring (e.g. cement) were classified as having improved flooring.Results: Mothers of infants living in households with improved flooring were less likely to report diarrheal illness in the last four weeks (PD a =-4.9%, 95%CI: -8.6, -1.0). The association between flooring and diarrheal illness did not vary by the presence of improved/unimproved water (p RERI =0.91) or sanitation (p RERI =0.76). Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that household flooring is an important pathway for the transmission of diarrheal pathogens, even in settings where other aspects of sanitation are sub-optimal.Improvements to household flooring do not require behavior change and may be an effective and expeditious strategy for reducing childhood diarrheal illness irrespective of household access to improved water and sanitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Household flooring associated with reduced infant diarrhoeal illness in Zimbabwe in households with and without WASH interventions

Koyuncu

Dufour

Watadzaushe

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Recent studies and scientific knowledge also show that a lot of diarrhoea in this age is due to rotavirus. For instance, a study conducted in Farta Woreda, North West Ethiopia showed that children age 6-11 months and not vaccinated for rotavirus are highly affected by diarrhoea [14,15]. A study in Burkina Faso also showed that rotavirus is more prevalent in young children (< 12 months) and children less than 12 months of age were susceptible to diarrhoea [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of number of under-five children in the household on childhood diarrhoea varies by current age of mothers. Number of under-five children affects the occurrence of diarrhoea differently in older age mothers (35-49) versus younger age mothers (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The odds of the occurrence of diarrhoea for three or more number of under-five children (relative to two or less number of under-five children) in older age mothers was 4.7 times as high as in younger age mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Ferede

2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to death among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are more severely affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated risk factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8041 under-five children were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of occurrence of diarrhoea with socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors among under-five children. Results: Children aged 6-11 months (AOR:3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) as compared to > 35 months were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in Afar region (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.64) and Gambela region (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.81) were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea, but a decreasing prevalence in Somali region (AOR: .42; 95% CI: (.217-.80) as compared to Tigray region. Increasing prevalence of diarrhoea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58); households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77); fourth birth order (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.79), and fifth and above birth order (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.81) as compared to first order; and mother's current age 35-49 years in a household with ≥3 under-five children (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45) as compared to those maternal ages of 15-24 years in a household with ≤2 under-five children. Conclusion: The age of a child, sex of a child, region, birth order, toilet facilities shared with other households and the interaction effect of the number of under-five children with mother's current age are identified as associated risk factors for diarrhoea occurrence among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. The findings show the need for planning and implementing appropriate prevention strategies considering these risk factors for rural under-five children.

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“…Sub Saharan African countries experiences more suffered in diarrhea, even though there is an improvement of prevention and treatment, it continues to cause for substantial morbidity and mortality in developing countries [6,[11][12][13] still now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinate of diarrhea among under-five children in Northwest Ethiopia

Dessie

2021

Int J Innov Educ Res

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This study aimed to assess the determinants of diarrhea among children under-five in Jabitehnan district, Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was done using a cluster sampling technique. The study was done in the Jabitehnan district from April to July 2019. The study was done among women who had children under five during the survey who settled in Jabitehnan district. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of diarrhea. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 19.8%. The child lived with whose non-biological mothers were 32.44 times more likely to be exposed to diarrhea compared to the child who lived with whose biological mothers. The odds of being diarrheal for a child whose mother does not wash her hand after latrine was 7.91 times higher than its counterpart. A child whose mother pregnant was 5.66 times higher risk of developing diarrhea than whose mother do not pregnant. The likelihood of diarrhea for children drinking unprotected water were14.1times higher than its counterpart. The magnitude of reported diarrhea was high. Child age, residence, drinking water, pregnant mother, toilet facility, washing hand after latrine, and child live with whom were the main determinates of diarrhea. Addressing these factors will help to prevent future morbidity and mortality of children and will assist in alleviating hygiene and refining their quality of life. Moreover, a trend-based sampling design might be considered for a better understanding.

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Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Abstract: Background: The burden of diarrheal diseases among children is by far more in low and middle-income countries where it is the second leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years. In Rwanda, it is a third leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality where it counts 15% of deaths.

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Household flooring associated with reduced infant diarrhoeal illness in Zimbabwe in households with and without WASH interventions

Household flooring associated with reduced infant diarrhoeal illness in Zimbabwe in households with and without WASH interventions

Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Determinate of diarrhea among under-five children in Northwest Ethiopia

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