Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Ferede, Melkamu Molla

doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02141-6

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Children living in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions were more likely to be infected by diarrhea as compared to children living in Tigray. This finding is consistent with a study done in Ethiopia [ 32 , 33 ]. This may be attributed to the large difference in the presence of diarrhea-related services including health care, water and sanitation facility, and literacy facilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Fenta

Nigussie

2021

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Background. Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods. Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. Result. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 months ( AOR = 3.166 ; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child ( AOR = 1.871 ; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above ( AOR = 2.210 , 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination ( AOR = 1.197 ; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth ( AOR = 1.303 ; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children ( AOR = 2.91 ; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ( AOR = 1.505 ; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water ( AOR = 1.289 ; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…It was found that children whose birth order 4 th and above were more likely to be affected by diarrhea than 1st order children. It coincides with the previous studies in which birth order of a child increases and the probability of developing childhood diarrhea increases [ 8 , 15 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Fenta

Nigussie

2021

International Journal of Pediatrics

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“…The result of this study showed that children’s age groups 6–11 and 12–23 months were 2.5 and 3 times more likely to develop diarrhoea disease as compared to children in the age group 24–59 months, respectively. This result was consistent with the results of other case-control studies conducted in Medebay Zane District, Gobi District, and Rural Ethiopia [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determinants of diarrheal diseases among under five children in Jimma Geneti District, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020: a case-control study

et al. 2021

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Background Globally, in 2017, there were nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal diseases, and it is the second most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Sanitary conditions, poor housing, an unsanitary environment, insufficient safe water supply, cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of food storage facilities, in combination with socioeconomic and behavioral factors, are common causes of diarrhea disease and have had a significant impact on diarrhea incidence in the majority of developing countries. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 407 systematically sampled under-five children of Jimma Geneti District (135 with diarrhea and 272 without diarrhea) from May 01 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from the WHO/UNICEF core questionnaire and other related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done by using SPSS version 20.0. Result Sociodemographic determinants such as being a child of 12–23 months of age (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.68–6.46; P < 0.05) and mothers’/caregivers’ history of diarrheal diseases (AOR 7.38, 95% CI 3.12–17.44; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Environmental and behavioral factors such as lack of a hand-washing facility near a latrine (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 3.94–26.49; P < 0.05), a lack of hand-washing practice at critical times (AOR 10.6, 95% CI 3.74–29.81; P < 0.05), improper domestic solid waste disposal (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39–5.18; P < 0.05), and not being vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.25–4.81; P < 0,05) were found important determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Conclusion The unavailability of a hand-washing facility nearby latrine, mothers’/caregivers’ history of the last 2 weeks’ diarrheal diseases, improper latrine utilization, lack of hand-washing practice at critical times, improper solid waste disposal practices, and rotavirus vaccination status were the determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children identified in this study. Thus, promoting the provision of continuous and modified health information programs for households on the importance of sanitation, personal hygiene, and vaccination against rotavirus is fundamental to decreasing the burden of diarrheal disease among under-five children.

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“…Variables exposed in this study were originated from studies that have been conducted at the international level [3,12,[33][34][35]. The possible factor related with the occurrence of diarrhea for under-ve children were included as variables in the current study.…”

Section: Variables Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Gambia, evidence from 2013 – 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey; multilevel binary logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analysis

Agmas¹,

Asmare²

2022

Preprint

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Background Diarrhea is the opening of three and more movable or liquid stools per day, or more frequently than is common for the individual. It is usually an indicator of gastrointestinal infection which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms. Objective This study aimed to analyze the trend and determinants of diarrhea prevalence among under-five children within the Gambia for the last five years (2013–2019/20). Methods A total of 6,705 in 2013, and 5,780 in 2019/20 under-five aged children were involved in this study. Multivariate decomposition and multilevel analysis based on a binary logistic regression analysis approach were performed. Results 74.57% of the change in diarrhea prevalence over time was attributable to differences in behavior. Unimproved water source (AOR = 1.4061; 95% CI: 1.0415–1.8982), Wollof ethnicity (AOR = 1.5442; 95% CI: 1.2196–1.9551), not vaccinated for rotavirus (AOR = 3.1476; 95% CI: 2.1486–4.6110) and for measles (AOR = 1.5128; 95% CI: 1.2384–1.8479), average birth size (AOR = 0.8038; 95% CI: 0.6555–0.9855), child age less than one year (AOR = 0.6160; 95% CI: 0.4710–0.8057). Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea was significantly increased over the last five years and the decline was due to differences in behavior between the surveys. Source of drinking water, ethnicity, birth size, age of children, rotavirus, and measles vaccine were significantly associated with diarrhea among under-five children in the Gambia. Therefore, the Gambian régime should attention to the creation and topping up of behavioral change packages of the public regarding the protection of hygiene and sanitation of the community and their environment, vaccinating of their children to prevent diarrheal disease.

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Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Determinants of diarrheal diseases among under five children in Jimma Geneti District, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020: a case-control study

Trends and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Gambia, evidence from 2013 – 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey; multilevel binary logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analysis

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