Factors associated with the occurrence, cause and outcome of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Pearson, J.K.L.; Mackie, D.P.

doi:10.1136/vr.105.20.456

Cited by 38 publications

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“…The significantly higher incidence of toxic mastitis in the hindquarters of the udder is consistent with the findings from other studies, both for mastitis generally and for toxic mastitis (Pearson andMackie 1979, Miltenburg andothers 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There was no significant difference between right and left forequarters like that observed in another mastitis study in Northern Ireland (Pearson and Mackie 1979). The lack of any teat lesions on the affected quarters of nearly every case is consistent with the view that toxic mastitis is mainly associated with opportunistic environmental pathogens (Jones 1986, Jones andWard 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland

Menzies¹,

McBride²,

McDowell³

et al. 2000

Veterinary Record

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This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings from 264 cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland between October 1995 and May 1997. Nearly all the cases occurred during the winter housing period, with 84 per cent occurring between November and March inclusive, and 30 per cent in March. Sixty per cent of the cases occurred within one month of calving, and 29 per cent within four days of calving. The most common clinical signs were lethargy (92 per cent), discoloured milk (90 per cent), anorexia (72 per cent), tachypnoea (23 per cent), diarrhoea (23 per cent), recumbency (18 per cent) and staggering (15 per cent). Severe pyrexia (18 per cent) and clinical dehydration (44 per cent) were relatively common findings. Pure growths of Escherichia coli were isolated from 50 per cent of the milk samples, but 11 per cent yielded no bacterial growth. In vitro sensitivity tests indicated that enrofloxacin was effective against 98 per cent of the bacteria isolated, and framycetin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid against 91 per cent. Abnormally high blood urea levels were observed in 31 per cent of cases, high blood creatinine levels in 42 per cent, and severe leucopenia in 56 per cent. Of the cases which were followed up, 14 per cent died, 21 per cent were culled early and a further 22 per cent lost milk production from the affected quarter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland

Menzies¹,

McBride²,

McDowell³

et al. 2000

Veterinary Record

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“…The age pattern of the cows involved in this material was somewhat dissimilar to that in other studies dealing with clinical mastitis. There is a concensus of opinion that clinical mastitis is more prevalent in older cows (FUNKE, 1982;MADSEN et al, 1987;PEARSON and MACKIE, 1979). In the present study, the highest incidence was found to occur in cows lactating for the second time (25 YO of cases).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Bovine Acute Mastitis Part I. Clinical Aspects and Parameters of Inflammation in Mastitis Caused by Different Pathogens

Pyörälä¹,

Syväjärvi

1987

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Summary Milk antitrypsin and NAGase content, CMT scores and bacterial growth in lactoserum were investigated in 423 clinically infected quarters in 268 cows. 26.7% of the affected quarters were infected by S. aureus. 19.4% by streptococci, 17% by coliforms and 3.8% by A. pyogenes. The values of inflammatory parameters in all clinically infected quarters differed significantly (p < 0.001) from those in healthy control quarters. The lactation stage of the cow and type of infecting agent had a significant effect (p < 0.001, p < 0.05) on the values in mastitic quarters at the acute phase of the disease. Antitrypsin, NAGase and CMT levels were highest in the quarters infected by A. pyogenes but the order of other major pathogens varied with the parameter. Cows infected by A. pyogenes or coliforms showed the most severe clinical signs. Of the clinical signs, milk appearance correlated best with milk levels of NAGase and antitrypsin and CMT score in the diseased quarter. There was no clear correlation between systemic signs and values of the parameters studied, milk NAGase values fell with increasing severity of systemic signs. Zusammenfassung Akute Mastitis beim Rind Teil I. Klinische Aspekte und Entzündungsparameter bei Mastitiden, die durch unterschiedliche Erreger verursacht wurden Milch‐Antitrypsin und NAGase‐Gehalt, CMT‐Werte und bakterielles Wachstum wurden aus Milchseren von 268 Kühen mit insgesamt 423 klinisch infizierten Eutervierteln untersucht. 26,7% der betroffenen Viertel waren mit S. aureus, 19,4% mit Streptokokken, 17% mit koliformen Keimen und 3,8% mit A. pyogenes infiziert. Die Werte der Entzündungsparameter unterschieden sich in allen klinisch erkrankten Fällen deutlich (p<0,001) von denen in gesunden Vierteln. In der akuten Phase der Erkrankung wirkten sich die Laktationsphase der Kuh und die Art des infektiösen Keimes (p < 0,001, p < 0,05) auf die Werte der an Mastitis erkrankten Viertel aus. Der Antitrypsin‐, NAGase‐ und CMT‐Gehalt war in den Vierteln am höchsten, die mit A. pyogenes infiziert waren. Die Zuordnung der Parameter zu den anderen wichtigen Pathogenen variierte jedoch. Kühe die mit A. pyogenes oder koliformen Keimen infiziert waren, zeigten die schwersten klinischen Symptome, wobei Veränderungen der Milch am stärksten mit den Werten von NAGase, Antitrypsin und DMT in den erkrankten Vierteln korrelierte. Keine klare Zuordnung konnte von systemischen Krankheitszeichen und den überprüften Parametern aufgezeigt werden; der NAGase‐Spiegel der Milch fiel mit der Schwere der klinischen Symptome.

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“…Bacteriologic culture of milk is not routinely performed because it is expensive, results are not available for 24-48 hours, and a pathogen is not isolated in 15-40% of cows with clinical mastitis. [2][3][4][6][7][8] Various diagnostic schemes that use clinical parameters to differentiate mastitis caused by gram-negative bacteria from that caused by gram-positive bacteria have been reported to have an overall accuracy of 71-78%. [9][10][11] However, the current use of lipopolysaccharide core antigen vaccines can reduce the severity of gram-negative mastitis, 12,13 potentially making it more difficult to predict the cause of mastitis based on physical examination alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Variables to Differentiate Gram‐Negative and Gram‐Positive Mastitis in Dairy Cows

Smith

Constable

Morin

2001

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Medical records of 142 dairy cows with clinical mastitis were examined to determine whether hematologic or serum biochemical results could be used to distinguish between mastitis episodes caused by gram-negative bacteria (n = 78) from those caused by gram-positive bacteria (n = 64). Signalment, historic information, hematologic and serum biochemical results, milk culture results, and outcome (discharged from hospital or died) were obtained from the medical records. Cows with gram-negative mastitis had significantly (P < .01) lower blood leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts and had higher blood hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits than did cows with gram-positive mastitis. Serum urea nitrogen was the only serum biochemical result associated with pathogen type, and it was higher in cows with gram-negative mastitis than in those with gram-positive mastitis. Mortality rate (25% overall) did not differ between groups. Logistic regression indicated that routine hematologic analysis (segmented neutrophil count, monocyte count, and hemoglobin concentration) was an accurate predictor of gram-negative mastitis, with a sensitivity of .93, a specificity of .89, and an overall accuracy of 91%. The values for sensitivity and specificity were higher than those previously reported for clinical tests differentiating mastitis episodes caused by gram-negative bacteria from those caused by gram-positive bacteria. Our results indicate that routine hematologic analysis is useful for predicting pathogen type in dairy cows with clinical mastitis, thereby facilitating treatment decisions.

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Factors associated with the occurrence, cause and outcome of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland

Clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland

Bovine Acute Mastitis Part I. Clinical Aspects and Parameters of Inflammation in Mastitis Caused by Different Pathogens

Ability of Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Variables to Differentiate Gram‐Negative and Gram‐Positive Mastitis in Dairy Cows

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