Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Distoclusion in the Primary Dentition: A Hierarchical Analysis

Abstract

Counseling with regard to the duration of pacifier use could contribute toward reducing the prevalence of distoclusion and its consequences in preschool children.

Association of breastfeeding and malocclusion in 5‐year‐old children: Multilevel approach

“…Socioeconomic variables were not associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition. Similar results were reported in previous studies using other indicators, such as maternal schooling, 11,30 family structure, monthly household income, 30 and socioeconomic status. 4 Such comparisons however require caution due to the use of different variables for socioeconomic characterisation of the families.…”

Association between duration of breastfeeding and malocclusions in primary and mixed dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…and Agarwal et al . 13, 14, 32, 33 investigated the same association in primary dentition. The relationship between breastfeeding and the development of occlusion/malocclusion was analyzed in nine studies, all in primary dentition 5–7, 10–12, 18, 34, 35 .…”

“…Some of the authors who examined the relationship between breastfeeding and dental class II found that a longer period of breastfeeding was associated with less prevalence of this class of malocclusion in mixed dentition 31 and in primary dentition 13, 14, 32 However, no relationship between class II and breastfeeding was found by Luz et al . 30 in mixed dentition or by Karjalainen et al .…”

“…Anterior openbite more frequent in children breastfed for up to 6 months—5Feldens et al . 32 (2016) Cross-Sectional1026 (5.4%) 52% M (534) 48% F (492) 2–5 years Consecutive BrazilGreater distocclusion in children with shorter duration of breastfeedingExposure: breastfeeding for up to 6 months, Event: malocclusion, OR 1.63 (CI 1.32–2.03)4Lopes-Freire et al . 7 (2015) Cross-Sectional275 (-) 52.4% M (144) 47.6% F (131) 3–6 years Consecutive SpainNo significant association between breast or bottle feeding and malocclusion (p > 0.05).…”

“…For overbite, anterior openbite and overjet, the results were disparate and no homogeneous conclusion could be reached. Regarding dental and skeletal class II malocclusion, despite some discrepancies the majority of studies considered that breastfeeding is associated with less distocclusion in both primary 13, 14, 32 and mixed dentition 31 . However, other authors 19, 30, 33 found no relationship between breastfeeding and class II in mixed and primary dentition, respectively.…”