Factors associated with the inflammatory potential of the Brazilian population’s diet

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the inflammatory potential of the Brazilian population’s diet and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with 34,003 individuals aged 10 and older, evaluated by the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (INA) from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF 2008-2009). The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) was determined using 34 dietary parameters calculated through non-consecutive 2-day dietary records. Positive scores indicate a pro-inflammatory diet, while negative scores indicate an anti-inflammatory diet. A bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis based on a hierarchical theoretical model was performed to verify the factors associated with the E-DII. Results: The mean of the E-DII was 1.04, with a range of -4.77 to +5.98. The highest values of the pro-inflammatory E-DII were found among adolescents (1.42; p-value<0.001) and individuals with higher income (1.10; p-value<0.001) and level of education (1.18; p-value<0.001). In the final model, the E-DII was associated with higher income quartiles, was higher in the Northeast and South regions, in white people, individuals with ≥9 years of education and adults and adolescents age group. Conclusion: The Brazilian population consumes a diet with high inflammatory potential, especially adolescents, white people and those with higher income and level of education. Thus, the index presented uneven distribution among the population, emphasizing groups with higher dietary inflammatory potential. The socioeconomic risk profile of a diet with higher inflammatory potential in medium-income countries is different from what is observed in high-income nations.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Brazilian adolescents

“…39 Kurklu et al 13 found that the DII mean in Turkish adolescents was 3.6; thus, higher than the mean found among the adolescents of this study. The mean DII of Brazilian adolescents assessed by Pereira et al 17 in a populationbased study carried out in 2008-2009 was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.39-1.46), a value that is higher than the means estimated in this study. Nevertheless, such difference may be attributed to distinct parameters adopted to calculate DII in the two studies.…”

“…[11][12][13] Differences in eating habits across countries 14 demand ascertaining the association between the diet inflammatory potential and excess weight among Brazilian adolescents, as well as the factors that possibly interfere in this association, which are subjects scarcely explored in the literature. [15][16][17] Therefore, the present study aims to assess the association between the diet inflammatory potential and anthropometric indicators of adiposity, considering demographic, behavioural, and social characteristics, to provide subsidies to targeting and tailoring actions aiming at promoting healthy eating and reducing the obesity onset at early ages.…”

“…Furthermore, the association between DII and obesity has been examined in studies involving adolescents, identifying significant associations between DII and anthropometric indicators of adiposity 11–13 . Differences in eating habits across countries 14 demand ascertaining the association between the diet inflammatory potential and excess weight among Brazilian adolescents, as well as the factors that possibly interfere in this association, which are subjects scarcely explored in the literature 15–17 …”

Capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd) e Índice inflamatório da dieta (IID-c) de crianças de 4 a 7 anos: associação com o consumo alimentar, características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e risco cardiometabólico

“…Foi observado que altos escores de IID, associou-se aos quartis de renda mais elevados, indivíduos com escolaridade ≥ 9 anos na faixa etária de adultos e adolescentes (PEREIRA et al,2021). A população brasileira consome uma dieta com alto potencial inflamatório, principalmente adolescentes, brancos e aqueles com maior renda e escolaridade.…”

“…A população brasileira consome uma dieta com alto potencial inflamatório, principalmente adolescentes, brancos e aqueles com maior renda e escolaridade. Dessa forma, sugere-se que o perfil de risco socioeconômico de uma dieta com maior potencial inflamatório em países de média renda é diferente do observado em países de alta renda (PEREIRA et al,2021).…”