Factors Associated with Nonunion, Delayed Union, and Malunion in Foot and Ankle Surgery in Diabetic Patients

Comparison of Hallux Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Fixation Techniques: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

“…Others have also found PN to be associated with complications in the foot and ankle, specifically bone healing complications. In a study that evaluated bone healing complications in patients with DM, 26 of 59 patients with PN (44%) had !1 bone healing complications (16). PN was the single most significant factor that affected bone healing compared with other factors such as glycosylated hemoglobin, peripheral vascular disease, tobacco use, history of ulceration, surgical time, and BMI (16).…”

The impact of glycaemic variability on the surgical patient

“…Poor preoperative glycaemic control, as measured by elevated HbA1c concentrations, has been associated with poor surgical outcomes for emergency and elective patients in many surgical specialities [6,[13][14][15][16][17]18 & ]. These include increased rates of postoperative complications such as surgical site infection, systemic infections, urinary tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection, acute kidney injury, acute coronary syndrome, pneumonia, admission to intensive care, prolonged length of stay, and death.…”

Indirect reduction technique using a distraction support in minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis of tibial shaft fractures

“…In the present study there were no patients with angular deformities greater than 5°. It has been shown that the quality of fracture reduction affects the rate of healing and incidence of delayed union or malunion 25, 26. The good reduction was achieved by the distraction support.…”