Factors Associated with Cognitive Impairment Among Older Italian Inpatients

Cattin, Luigi; Bordin, Paolo; Fonda, M.; Adamo, C.; Barbone, Fabio; Bovenzi, Massimo; Manto, Andrea; Pahor, Marco

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb02931.x

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the other hand, we should bear in mind that incipient dementia may also change dietary habits (Jama et al 1996), that is, malnutrition can be a consequence rather than a cause of cognitive impairment (Gale et al 1996;Lethem & Orrell, 1997;Cattin et al 1997;Schmidt et al 1998). As Marcus & Berry (1998) cited in their recent review article, patients with AD may experience reduced appetite because of reduced levels of plasma and brain neuropeptide Y and brain neuroadrenaline, which are both feeding stimulants.…”

Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Gross¹,

Marcos

Pietrzik³

2001

Br J Nutr

113

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As the number of older people is growing rapidly worldwide and the fact that elderly people are also apparently living longer, dementia, the most common cause of cognitive impairment is getting to be a greater public health problem. Nutrition plays a role in the ageing process, but there is still a lack of knowledge about nutrition-related risk factors in cognitive impairment. Research in this area has been intensive during the last decade, and results indicate that subclinical deficiency in essential nutrients (antioxidants such as vitamins C, E and b-carotene, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B 6 , folate) and nutrition-related disorders, as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypertension, and diabetes could be some of the nutrition-related risk factors, which can be present for a long time before cognitive impairment becomes evident.

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Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Gross¹,

Marcos

Pietrzik³

2001

Br J Nutr

113

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“…Both high and low TC have been related to deficits in cognitive performance. For example, low levels of TC (most frequently defined as Ͻ200 mm/dL orϽ160 mm/dL) have been associated with mild to severe cognitive deficit (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and development of dementia (7). However, high levels of TC (usually defined as Ͼ240 mm/dL) also have been associated with poorer cognitive test performance (8 -11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most studies concerned with TC and cognition have used brief tests of cognitive impairment such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and its variants (3,5,7,12,15) or only a few outcome measures (2). Several studies have relied on composite scores from a battery of cognitive tests or clinical evaluation of cognitive impairment (4,8 -10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cholesterol and Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Heart Study

Elias

D’Agostino

et al. 2005

Psychosomatic Medicine

149

106

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“…Changes in cognition, depression, and fitness have marked mortality implications in this group [22,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The UCSD Statin Study: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes

Golomb

Criqui

White

et al. 2004

Controlled Clinical Trials

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There has been persistent controversy regarding possible favorable or adverse effects of statins or of cholesterol reduction on cognition, mood and behavior (including aggressive or violent behavior), muscle function, and quality of life. The UCSD Statin Study seeks to ascertain the beneficial or adverse effects of statin cholesterol-lowering drugs on a set of noncardiac endpoints, including cognition, behavior, and serotonin biochemistry. The study will enroll 1000 subjects (minimum 20% female) of mixed ethnicity from San Diego. Subjects must be age 20 and older, postmenopausal if female, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and with LDLcholesterol between 115 and 190 mg/dl. Subjects will be randomized to a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial with assignment 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 to placebo, simvastatin 20 mg, or pravastatin 40 mg (equipotent LDL-cholesterol-lowering doses for drug arms with simvastatin and pravastatin chosen to represent the extremes of the lipophilicity spectrum) for 6 months of treatment followed by 2 months postcessation follow-up. Primary outcomes are cognition (cognitive battery), irritability/aggression (behavior measure), and serotonin (gauged by whole blood serotonin), assessed as the difference between baseline and 6 months, judging combined statin groups vs. placebo. Secondary outcomes include mood (CES-D and Wakefield depression inventory), quality of life (SF-12V), sleep (Leeds sleep scale, modified), and secondary aggression measures (Conflict Tactics Scale; Overt Aggression Scale, Modified). Cardiovascular reactivity will be examined in a 10% subset. As additional secondary endpoints, primary and selected secondary outcomes will be assessed by statin assignment (lipophilic simvastatin vs. hydrophilic pravastatin). "Reversibility" of changes, if any, at 2 months postcessation will be determined. If effects (favorable or unfavorable) are identified, we will seek to ascertain whether there are baseline variables that predict who will be most susceptible to these favorable or adverse noncardiac effects (i.e., effect modification). NIH Public Access BackgroundStatins are important and widely prescribed drugs, with well-documented and incontrovertible cardiac benefits. However, controversy remains regarding the existence and impact of noncardiac effects, including central nervous system (CNS) effects. The University of California-San Diego (UCSD) Statin Study, a National Institutes of Health/ National Heart Lung and Blood Institute-funded double-blind, placebo-controlled study, seeks to address these issues through a complex battery of tests assessing noncardiac outcomes pertaining to cognition, behavior, quality of life, and biochemistry, among other endpoints. This paper provides the general methodology employed and addresses certain theoretical issues in study design.Statin cholesterol-lowering drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are the most prescribed drugs in the United States and the world and contributed substantially to prescription drug cost increases in 200...

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Factors Associated with Cognitive Impairment Among Older Italian Inpatients

Abstract: Educational attainment affects cognitive function in older inpatients. The strong association between cognitive impairment and nutritional variables suggests that every effort to improve nutritional status is needed in approaching cognitive impairment in older patients.

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Serum Cholesterol and Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Heart Study

The UCSD Statin Study: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes

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