Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Gross, Marcela González; Marcos, Ascensión; Pietrzik, Klaus

doi:10.1079/bjn2001388

Cited by 114 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…15 Genetic factors also seem to affect homocysteine levels. [16][17][18][19] Elevated levels of homocysteine can be caused by mutations in enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism,whichgivedysfunctionalenzymes, for example, the single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 677 in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene for MTHFR. 17 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is a key enzyme in homocysteine metabolism.…”

Section: Omocysteine Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Fitness Is Negatively Associated With Homocysteine Levels in Female Adolescents

Ruiz¹,

Sola²,

Gross³

et al. 2007

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Objective: To examine the association between cardiovascular fitness and homocysteine levels in adolescents.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Madrid, Murcia, Granada, Santander, and Zaragoza, Spain.Participants: One hundred fifty-six Spanish adolescents (76 boys and 80 girls) aged (mean ± SD) 14.8 ± 1.4 years.Main Exposures: Cardiovascular fitness was measured by the 20-m shuttle run test. Pubertal stage, birth weight, smoking status, and socioeconomic status were determined, and the sum of 6 skinfold thickness measurements, and serum folic acid and vitamin B 12 levels were measured. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T genotype) polymorphism was done by DNA sequencing.Main Outcome Measure: Fasting homocysteine levels.Results: Mean values of homocysteine were significantly higher in the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotype subgroups compared with the CC genotype subgroup in adolescent boys, whereas in adolescent girls, mean values of homocysteine were significantly higher in the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotype subgroup compared with the CC and CT genotype subgroups. Multiple regression analyses showed that cardiovascular fitness was significantly associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents after controlling for potential confounders including the MTHFR 677CϾT genotype (␤ = −0.40; semipartial correlation = −0.35; P =.007). No associations were found between cardiovascular fitness and homocysteine levels in male adolescents (␤=0.12; semipartial correlation=0.08; P =.51). Conclusion:The results suggest that cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents after controlling for potential cofounders including MTHFR 677CϾT genotype.

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Section: Omocysteine Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Fitness Is Negatively Associated With Homocysteine Levels in Female Adolescents

Ruiz¹,

Sola²,

Gross³

et al. 2007

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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“…A better understanding of dietary factors that contribute to the maintenance of cognitive ability is thus of high priority (4) . The importance of prospective studies of specifically long duration, which would include subjects whose diet was monitored long before cognitive assessment, has previously been stressed (5) . Using longitudinal data from the 'Etude Epidémio-logique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale' (Epidemiological Study of Women of MGEN) (E3N) study, we examined the associations between previous usual diet and age-related cognitive impairment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term association of food and nutrient intakes with cognitive and functional decline: a 13-year follow-up study of elderly French women

et al. 2009

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The objective of the present study was to determine the potential long-term impact of dietary habits on age-related decline among 4809 elderly women (born between 1925 and 1930) in the 'Etude Epidémiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale' (E3N) study, a French epidemiological cohort. In 1993, an extensive diet history self-administered questionnaire was sent to all participants, and in 2006 another questionnaire on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and recent cognitive change was sent to a close relative or friend of each woman. Logistic models adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors were performed to evaluate associations between habitual dietary intakes and two outcomes of interest based on the informant response: recent cognitive decline and IADL impairment. Recent cognitive decline was associated with lower intakes of poultry, fish, and animal fats, as well as higher intakes of dairy desserts and ice-cream. IADL impairment was associated with a lower intake of vegetables. The odds of recent cognitive decline increased significantly with decreasing intake of soluble dietary fibre and n-3 fatty acids but with increasing intake of retinol. The odds of IADL impairment increased significantly with decreasing intakes of vitamins B 2 , B 6 and B 12 . These results are consistent with a possible long-term neuroprotective effect of dietary fibre, n-3 polyunsaturated fats and B-group vitamins, and support dietary intervention to prevent cognitive decline.

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“…In humans, a number of epidemiological case -control and prospective studies analysed the association between nutrition, particularly fatty acids and antioxidant molecules (vitamins A, E and C, b-carotene and polyphenols) and cognition and risk of stroke (49) . In fact, intensive research has indicated that subclinical deficiencies of essential nutrients such as antioxidants (vitamins C and E), b-carotene, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B 6 and folate in combination with nutrition-related disorders, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypertension and diabetes, are important risk factors associated with cognitive impairment (8) . Current scientific evidence also suggests a protective role for fruits and vegetables in the prevention of CHD, and evidence is accumulating towards a protective role in stroke (22,42,50 -52) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Stroke: roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidants

2009

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In the present review concerning stroke, we evaluate the roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins. Stroke is a leading cause of death in developed countries. However, current therapeutic strategies for stroke have been largely unsuccessful. Several studies have reported important benefits on reducing the risk of stroke and improving the post-stroke-associated functional declines in patients who ate foods rich in micronutrients, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins E and C. Folic acid, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are all cofactors in homocysteine metabolism. Growing interest has been paid to hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for CVD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been linked to inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly to B-group vitamins and therefore may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Hence, poor dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are associated with increased risk of stroke. Elevated consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to protect against stroke. Antioxidant nutrients have important roles in cell function and have been implicated in processes associated with ageing, including vascular, inflammatory and neurological damage. Plasma vitamin E and C concentrations may serve as a biological marker of lifestyle or other factors associated with reduced stroke risk and may be useful in identifying those at high risk of stroke. After reviewing the observational and intervention studies, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and some conflicting findings; therefore the available evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C for the prevention of stroke. A better understanding of mechanisms, along with well-designed controlled clinical trials will allow further progress in this area.

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Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Cited by 114 publications

References 89 publications

Cardiovascular Fitness Is Negatively Associated With Homocysteine Levels in Female Adolescents

Cardiovascular Fitness Is Negatively Associated With Homocysteine Levels in Female Adolescents

Long-term association of food and nutrient intakes with cognitive and functional decline: a 13-year follow-up study of elderly French women

Stroke: roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidants

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