Factors Associated With Asthma in Brazilian Adolescents: National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey (Pense-2012)

Abstract

Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma in Brazilian adolescents.Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2012 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), a Brazilian survey applied by a self-reported questionnaire in a representative sample of 9th-grade students. Descriptive and inferential analysis was made based on the demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, food consumption and environmental characteristics potentially associated with asthma. Adolescents who presented wheezing in the last 12 months were considered asthmatic. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted for confounding factors. Significance was defined as p≤0.05.Results: A total of 106,983 adolescents were studied. The prevalence of asthma was 23.2%. The final model was composed of 11 variables that were independently associated with asthma: female sex (OR=1.17), <14 years old (OR=1.12), not living with parents (OR=1.06), the highest number of days consuming ultra-processed foods (OR=1.16), lunch or dinner time without presence of parents or guardians (OR=1.13), meals in front of the TV or while studying (OR=1.18), not having breakfast frequently (OR=1.22), having smoked cigarettes (OR=1.36), having tried alcoholic beverage (OR=1.37), having used illicit drugs (OR=1.29) and having sought health care in the last year (OR=1.67).Conclusions: The results of the present study reinforce the multifactorial characteristic of asthma diagnosis. Prevention and control strategies should focus on groups of adolescents living in inadequate conditions when it comes to family dynamics, food consumption and behavior (drug use).

Prevalence of asthma symptoms and associated factors in adolescents and adults in southern Brazil: A Global Asthma Network Phase I study

“…The prevalence of asthma in adolescents in this study was lower than those observed by the ISAAC Phase II study in the same center 15 years ago (25.6%) 10 and those most recently obtained by Brazil's National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012; 23.2%). 11 Although carried out at different times, the first 2 studies used the question, “Have you had whistling or wheezing in the chest in the past 12 months” 10 as an asthma-identifying question and the other question was, “Have you ever had asthma” (medical diagnosis of asthma). 11 The same occurred concerning the prevalence of severe asthma, which was lower in the current study (6.2% vs 7.6%, respectively).…”

“… 11 Although carried out at different times, the first 2 studies used the question, “Have you had whistling or wheezing in the chest in the past 12 months” 10 as an asthma-identifying question and the other question was, “Have you ever had asthma” (medical diagnosis of asthma). 11 The same occurred concerning the prevalence of severe asthma, which was lower in the current study (6.2% vs 7.6%, respectively). 10 …”

Impacto do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados na saúde de crianças, adolescentes e adultos: revisão de escopo

“…A associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e asma ou chiado foi examinada em adolescentes de um estudo de coorte (qualidade metodológica alta) 73 e dois transversais com amostras nacionais representativas (ambos com qualidade média) 74,75 .…”

Types of ultra-processed foods consumed in Brazil: A systematic review / Tipos de alimentos ultra-processados consumidos no Brasil: Uma revisão sistemática

“…Regarding the sample size, 24 studies assessed less than 1,000 individuals and only three studies assessed more than 100,000 individuals. Three studies used data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (National School-Based Student Health) survey, based on data collected in 2012 (ELIAS et al, 2019;LONGO-SILVA et al, 2016a(COSTA, C. Dos S. et al, 2018. Other eight studies used data from POF 2008-2009(ANDRADE, G. C. et al, 2019CANELLA et al, 2018;COSTA LOUZADA, DA et al, 2018;LOUZADA, M. L. Da C.;LOUZADA, M. L. Da C.;et al, 2015b, 2015a and two of them used only an subsample (ARAUJO et al, 2017;SPERANDIO et al, 2017).…”