Factors associated with adoption of dietary behavior to reduce heart disease risk among males

Terry, Rhonda Dale; Oakland, Mary Jane; Ankeny, K.K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3182(12)81189-7

Cited by 18 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results are consistent with many other studies showing that beliefs in the value of preventive action are associated with the probability that the action is performed (e.g. Biddle & Ashford, 1988;Calnan & Rutter, 1988;Terry, Oakland & Ankeny, 1991).…”

Section: Indications Of Relationships Between Behaviour and Specific supporting

confidence: 92%

Cognitive predictors of health behaviour in contrasting regions of Europe*

Steptoe

Wardle

1992

British J Clinic Psychol

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Four important health behaviours--dietary fat avoidance, regular exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption--were assessed by questionnaire, together with measures of risk awareness and beliefs about the importance of each behaviour for health, in comparable samples of young adults from eight countries: Belgium, England, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Portugal and Spain. Results from 3223 men and 3930 women were analysed. Substantial differences in the prevalence of behaviours were identified, but no country consistently showed the most or least healthy profile across behaviours. Women tended to smoke and drink less than men and attempted to avoid dietary fat to a greater extent, while men exercised more than women. Ratings of the importance of behaviours for health were high, while risk awareness showed wide variations, with lower scores from samples in southern and eastern Europe. Across countries, few associations were observed between the prevalence of behaviour and either mean belief ratings or risk awareness. However, in comparisons of people who did and did not perform each behaviour, beliefs were consistently associated with practice. In multiple regression, beliefs about the importance of the behaviour for health independently accounted for 11.3 per cent of the variance in exercise, 18.9 per cent of the variance in smoking and 4.5 per cent of the variance in alcohol consumption. The association between beliefs and dietary fat avoidance was also substantial. In contrast, the relationships between risk awareness and behaviour were mixed. People who avoided dietary fat were more aware than others of the health risks of fat. But non-smokers were less aware than smokers of the risks of smoking, and people who drank regularly were more aware of the dangers of alcohol than were non-drinkers. The results are discussed in the context of the contribution of health psychology to European health promotion.

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Section: Indications Of Relationships Between Behaviour and Specific supporting

confidence: 92%

Cognitive predictors of health behaviour in contrasting regions of Europe*

Steptoe

Wardle

1992

British J Clinic Psychol

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“…However, by the same token it is likely that sugar also acts as a vehicle for starch intake. Some interventions that have attempted to bring about a reduction in the fat content of participants' diets found that sensory factors exerted a major in¯uence on fat-reduction success rates (Terry et al, 1991;Kristal et al, 1992). A main reason why women felt giving up dietary fat was dif®cult related to their perception that fat enhanced the taste quality of the diet.…”

Section: Sensory Determinants Of Cho and Fat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

High and low carbohydrate and fat intakes: limits imposed by appetite and palatability and their implications for energy balance

Blundell

Stubbs²

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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This report examines several issues concerning the effects of dietary fats and carbohydrates (CHOs) on body weight and the limits set on the intake of these nutrients by factors in¯uencing appetite control: (i) the physiological relationship between feeding behaviour (FB) and body weight; (ii) the distribution of nutrients in Western foods and the implications this may have for FB; (iii) the contribution of nutrients in the diet, to total EI under both extreme and typical Western conditions; (iv) the known effects that fats, CHOs and dietary energy density (ED) exert on appetite and energy balance (EB); (v) the potential role of sensory factors in promoting or limiting fat, CHO and energy intakes (EI) in modern human populations Population studies and large surveys have identi®ed individuals with wide ranges of fat and CHO intakes. Intakes of fat can vary from an average of 180 gaday to 25 gaday in a representative sample. But on individual days fat intake can rise to well over 200 g according to a selection of high fat foods. In a single meal, people can consume an amount of fat greater than the population daily average. From this analysis it can be deduced that the appetite control mechanism will permit the consumption of large amounts of fat (if an abundance of high fat foods exist in the food supply). Except for speci®c physiological circumstances (e.g. endurance explorers) where there is an urgent need for EIs, in the face of decreasing body weight, it is unlikely that the body will generate a speci®c drive for fat. Because CHO foods have a lower ED than fat foods (on average) and because of their greater satiating capacity, the free intake of high CHO foods is likely to be self-limiting (at lower EIs than those generated by fatty foods). This does not mean that excess EIs are impossible when people feed ad libitum on high CHO diets.

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“…Many studies show that there are large variations between individuals in the quality and quantity of food consumed (Smith et al, 1992;James et al, 1997;Arija et al, 1996;Roos et al, 1996;EPIC Group of Spain, 1999). It is generally agreed that foodrelated behaviours are complex and determined by the interplay of many factors, including physiological factors; socio-demographic characteristics such as education, income, ethnicity and availability of food; behavioural and lifestyle factors; and knowledge and attitudes related to diet and health (Lo Âpez-Azpiazu et al, 1997;Terry et al, 1991;Slack, 1996). Among nutritional factors, the strongest inverse correlates with death-rates in several European countries are found with the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit (Wynn, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables

Irala

Groth

Johansson³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

539

318

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Objective: To evaluate the differences in the consumption of fruit and vegetables between groups with different socio-economic status (SES) in the adult population of European countries. Design: A systematic review of published and unpublished surveys of food habits conducted between 1985 and 1999 in 15 European countries. Educational level and occupational status were used as indicators of SES. A pooled estimate of the mean difference between the highest and the lowest level of education and occupation was calculated separately for men and women, using DerSimonian and Laird's random effects model. Setting: The inclusion criteria of studies were: use of a validated method for assessing intake at the individual level; selection of a nationwide sample or a representative sample of a region; and providing the mean and standard deviation of overall fruit and vegetable consumption for each level of education or occupation, and separately for men and women. Subjects: Participants in the individual surveys had to be adults (18 ± 85 y). Results: Eleven studies from seven countries met the criteria for being included in the meta-analysis. A higher SES was associated with a greater consumption of both fruit and vegetables. The pooled estimate of the difference in the intake of fruit was 24.3 gapersonaday (95% con®dence interval (CI) 14.0 ± 34.7) between men in the highest level of education and those in the lowest level of education. Similarly, this difference was 33.6 gapersonaday for women (95% CI 22.5 ± 44.8). The differences regarding vegetables were 17.0 gapersonaday (95% CI 8.6 ± 25.5) for men and 13.4 gapersonaday (95% CI 7.1 ± 19.7) for women. The results were in the same direction when occupation instead of education was used as an indicator of SES. Conclusions: Although we cannot exclude over-reporting of intake by those with highest SES, it is unlikely that this potential bias could fully explain the differences we have found. Our results suggest that an unhealthier nutrition pattern may exist among adults belonging to lower socio-economic levels in Europe. Sponsorship: The present study was supported by the European Union's FAIR programme .

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Factors associated with adoption of dietary behavior to reduce heart disease risk among males

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Cognitive predictors of health behaviour in contrasting regions of Europe*

Cognitive predictors of health behaviour in contrasting regions of Europe*

High and low carbohydrate and fat intakes: limits imposed by appetite and palatability and their implications for energy balance

A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables

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