Factors associated to the control of viral load in HIV positive patients.

Abstract

Introduction: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains a health challenge in Brazil. Therapeutic failures, characterized by detectable viral load, must have their causes evaluated. Among the most relevant reasons is the lack of adherence to treatment. Objective: To evaluate factors associated with inadequate control of viral load in individuals with HIV in the CAP of Itajubá (MG). Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and documentary study with 261 medical records. The variables analyzed were gender, age, education, residence, sexual orientation, first and last test results of tests for viral load and CD4+ T lymphocytes, history of poor adherence, use of current antiretroviral therapy (ART), duration of ART use, depression and/or anxiety, use of illicit drugs, follow-up time at the CAP. Results: Of the patients, 90.42% had an undetectable viral load and 64.37% had a CD4+ T count ≥500 in the last available test. Some characteristics were related to detectable viral load in the last exam: history of poor adherence during treatment (p<0,0001), inconsistent use of ART (p<0,0001) and use of illicit drugs (p=0,0155). Anxiety and/or depression was not statistically significant (p=0,3321). Conclusion: History of poor adherence, inconsistent use of ART and use of illicit drugs were associated with an increased risk ok virological failure. The identification of groups at risk of poor adherence to treatment can support the development of intervention strategies in an early and transdisciplinary way to improve adherence and generate better results in the control of HIV infection.

Adherence of HIV/AIDS patients to clinical outcome in Semarang City

“…Previous studies have agreed that adherence is associated with viral suppression (Wilson et al, 2020) and that adherence and CD4 increase have a significant relationship (Tchakoute et al, 2022). Nonadherence to ART may increase the risk of virologic failure (Pamplona et al, 2021). Viral load testing is highly recommended over clinical and immunological tests.…”

Effectiveness of a mHealth intervention with short text messages to promote treatment adherence among Mexican adults patients with HIV: A randomized clinical trial (Preprint)

“…Treatment adherence is complex and is influenced by the personal behavior that a PLWHIV has toward the disease, and the relationship the PLWHIV has with the health care provider and the health institutions (6,7). Several factors that impact treatment adherence have been described, including the patient's lack of understanding of the disease, the presence of treatment adverse effects, the lack of treatment efficiency as perceived by the patient, the trust of the patient to the indications prescribed by the health provider, financial and social availability to obtain ART, mental health, lack of support from the family or community, being young, among others (8,9).…”