Factors Affecting With the Prevalence of Hypertension in Pregnancy: Scoping Review

Abstract

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Hypertension is a clinical term to describe the pressure of high blood which cause fetal morbidity due to reduced blood flow to the placenta, such as stunted fetal growth, fetal death in utero to premature birth to cause maternal morbidity such as pulmonary edema, bleeding in the brain, eclamptic seizures, blood clots in the veins, acute kidney failure and even death in the mother. Hypertension in Pregnancy is a major complication that causes 60% to 80% of maternal deaths and maternal morbidity in the worldwide. The purpose of this scoping review is to determine the factors that influence the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: Scoping Review uses the following databases: Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest. Search results that meet the criteria will then be parsed into articles. Study Use of the Joana Briggs Institute/JBI and synthetic methods using transforming PEOS.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> From the 108 articles related to the title and abstract, 9 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five factors were found, namely heredity, age, parity, gemeli and Body Mass Index/ BMI that affected Hypertension in Pregnancy<strong>. </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hypertension in pregnancy was 5-15% and it was a significant complication in pregnancy. Due to the etiology was still not clearly detected and the referral system was not definitely still perfect. It also indicated that five factors could affect the occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy which are, heredity, age, multiple pregnancies, parity, and body mass index.</p>

Prevalence of Hypertension in Pregnancy and Its Associated Sociodemographic Factors Among Mothers Aged 15-49 Years Old in Malaysia

“…In terms of maternal age, most of the mothers included in the study were young as the majority of them were below 35 years old, which is similar with previous studies conducted by Khuan et al in Malaysian public hospitals [16]. Maternal age has been established as an important risk factor for HDP as it affects the reproductive process during pregnancy [10]. The current study re ects this idea as the prevalence of HDP is found to be higher for women with advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years old) compared to younger women.…”

“…The increasing trend in the prevalence of HDP over 11 years from 2012 to 2023 could be multifactorial, including the obesity pandemic driven by the increasing rate of poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle. Considering obesity being established as an important risk factor of HDP [10], the observed elevated prevalence in Malaysia could be in uenced by the increasing rate of obesity among the Malaysian population.…”

“…Other important factors, including medical factors such as history of comorbidities (gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension), gravida and parity pro le (multiple pregnancy and polycystic ovarian syndrome) as well as behavioural factors such as dietary pattern before and/or during pregnancy, smoking status, alcohol consumption and obesity were not investigated. All of these factors had long been established as important risk factors for the development of HDP [10,21,24].…”

“…Demographic details of participants, including locality, age, ethnicity, citizenship, marital status, educational level, and employment status were collected as independent variables and treated with utmost con dentiality. Additionally, advanced maternal age with a cut off of 35 years old, which has been associated with higher incidence of HDP was also included in the study [10,11].…”