Factors Affecting the Survival of Bacteria in Sea Water1

Carlucci, A. F.; Pramer, D.

doi:10.1128/aem.7.6.388-392.1959

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although many factors have been considered (e.g. Carlucci & Pramer 1959), no single one has been shown to be of cardinal significance. It has, however, been shown clearly that some initial growth of enterobacteria occurs in seawater enriched with organic carbon (Orlob 1956;Moebus 1972) and themost recent investigators (Dawe & Penrose 1978) have suggested that previous conclusions on the survival of enterobacteria may be the result of an experimental artifact: the cells are merely injured by exposure to seawater and recover on transfer to suitable media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from the Baltic Sea

Neilson¹

1980

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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A bacteriological examination was done on samples of water and sediment from three localities in the Baltic. The highest numbers of bacteria were recovered from areas subjected to pollution. The isolates included members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, the genus Pseudomonas and strains of Aeromonus hydrophila, Alteromonas putrefaciens and some Gram positive bacteria. It is suggested tentatively that H2S production in the black sediments was caused by A h . putrefaciens. None of the isolates had an absolute requirement for NaCI, although all of them were salt-tolerant to varying degrees, and most were able to grow aerobically at salinities comparable with those found in seawater. Isolates belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae were, however, unable to grow anaerobically under comparable conditions. Freshwater strains of several genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aer. sobria displayed salt tolerance identical with that of the Baltic isolates. One strain each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia enterocolitica survived well during three weeks at 17°C in artificial seawater lacking both carbon and nitrogen sources. These results suggest the need for a re-evaluation of the persistence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from the Baltic Sea

Neilson¹

1980

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…Several authors (Zobell 1936;Carlucci & Pramer 1959;Vasconcelos & Swartz 1976;Rhodes et al 1983;Munro et al 1987) have observed a toxic effect of seawater on enteric bacteria. They showed, that in the absence of natural microflora, there was a decrease in numbers of enteric bacteria in seawater during their incubation periods.…”

Section: Versus Freshwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival strategy of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in illuminated fresh and marine systems

Barcina

González

Iriberri

et al. 1990

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Some effects of visible light on Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in natural freshwater and seawater were studied by plate counts, colony area measurements, and direct counts. A large number of somnicells (non-culturable cells) were noted in illuminated systems as compared with non-illuminated ones. Colony areas were significantly smaller in illuminated systems. Indirect activity measurements were used to test the effects of visible light on the ability of E. coli and Ent. faecalis to metabolize substrates ([14C]glucose) in natural waters. In illuminated systems, a decrease of glucose uptake was observed. When percentages of assimilation and respiration with respect to the total glucose uptake were analysed a decrease of assimilation percentages and an increase of respiration percentages were observed. In addition, differences in glucose uptake, assimilation and respiration by enteric bacteria were detected for E. coli at the beginning of the experiments between fresh- and seawater and these were interpreted as a toxic effect exerted by seawater on E. coli cells. Differences between species, natural waters and parameters studied (excepting glucose assimilation) were detected in the illuminated systems. We concluded, however, that enteric bacteria under visible light illumination show a general survival strategy characterized by reaching progressively a somnicell stage which can be defined in terms of their (1) inability to form colonies on standard bacteriological media, (2) inability to incorporate substrates, and (3) inactivation of biosynthetic processes.

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“…Over the years there have been very few publications summarizing available information in this ¢eld [1,2]; the most recent of these dates to the mid-80s and focuses mainly on the di¡erent viability states of enteric bacteria. The aim of the present review is therefore to partially remedy this situation by providing an updated compilation of the relevant scienti¢c literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of enteric bacteria in seawater

Rozen

2001

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

133

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Enteric bacteria exposed to the marine environment simultaneously encounter a variety of abiotic and biotic challenges. Among the former, light appears to be critical in affecting seawater survival; previous growth history plays a major part in preadaptation of the cells, and stationary phase cells are generally more resistant than exponentially growing ones. Predation, mostly by protozoa, is probably the most significant biotic factor. Using Escherichia coli as a model, a surprisingly small number of genes was found that, when mutated, significantly affect seawater sensitivity of this bacterium. Most prominent among those is rpoS, which was also dominant among genes induced upon transfer to seawater.

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Factors Affecting the Survival of Bacteria in Sea Water1

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from the Baltic Sea

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from the Baltic Sea

Survival strategy of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in illuminated fresh and marine systems

Survival of enteric bacteria in seawater

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